Emerald pears exhibit stronger apical dominance compared to other pear varieties. They possess vigorous tree growth and robust vegetative development. The sprouting power is strong, but the branching ability is relatively weak. When a joint branch group develops at the top of a high-grafted main branch, especially if the growth angle is narrow, it tends to grow rapidly and outcompete other branches for nutrients. This can lead to nutrient deficiencies in other parts of the branch group, affecting overall tree balance and fruit production.
Pruning emerald pears requires careful attention to maintaining equilibrium among the key branch groups. Short fruiting branches, particularly those with a branch axis less than 5 cm in height, have a strong capacity for fruit setting. Therefore, emerald pears are best suited for cultivating single-axis branch groups, which help optimize fruit production and tree structure.
One common issue with emerald pear trees is that the opening angles of the branch groups are often too narrow. Some branches may appear to be open at a wide angle, but this is usually from the middle or upper part rather than the base, leading to excessive vegetative growth and reduced fruiting potential.
Another problem is premature emphasis on large branch development before the joints have fully matured and started producing fruit. Improper pruning or renewal of branches can cause nutrient dispersion, leaving short fruiting branches without sufficient resources. As a result, these branches produce weak flower buds, leading to small, low-quality fruits. Newly developed large branches may not bear fruit until the second or third year, delaying the onset of high yields.
Additionally, some "overlord branches" become overly thick and dominate the tree structure without timely intervention. This imbalance affects overall tree health, resulting in uneven fruit size and lower productivity.
To address these issues, several strategies can be implemented:
1. Ensure that the base of each joint opens to an angle of approximately 85–90 degrees. Techniques such as softening the base can help control excessive growth and promote balanced development.
2. If the original rootstock has multiple joints on the main branch, avoid cultivating large branches too early. Only remove a single-axis joint group when its basal diameter exceeds 6 cm and its fruiting ability declines. At that point, remaining joints can be used to develop large branches, matching the height of yellow crown pears. Grafts of 1–2 joints from primrose pears can gradually replace the original main branches.
3. If the original rootstock has few joints, focus on developing large branches on the existing joints to enhance their long-term productivity.
4. Remove any overly heavy or large branches that block light or disrupt the tree’s nutritional balance. These should be eliminated promptly to ensure healthy growth and consistent fruiting.
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