Implementing the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated prevention and control," we prioritize agricultural, physical, and biological methods while using chemical control in a scientific and rational manner to produce high-quality, pollution-free cucumbers. This approach ensures sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices.
1. **Agricultural Control**
Choosing disease-resistant cucumber varieties is the first step. We implement proper crop rotation and cultivate healthy, disease-free seedlings. Optimizing planting density, training vines, and pruning helps improve air circulation and reduce disease risk. Using raised beds, managing water and fertilizer scientifically, and maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels are essential. Hormone regulation and regular field cleaning further support plant health.
2. **Physical Control**
Yellow sticky traps are used after general chemical treatments. These 100×20 cm yellow boards are hung above the plants, effectively trapping aphids, whiteflies, and leaf miners. They should be re-oiled every 7–10 days for continued effectiveness. In mid-April, insect nets with a mesh size of 25–30 and width of 1.2 meters are placed at the entrance of the greenhouse to prevent pests from entering, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and improving the quality of the cucumbers.
3. **Chemical Control**
Insect pests become more prevalent after May. Pest monitoring and timely intervention during the egg stage or early larval stages are crucial. For example:
- **Locusts**: Apply 0.5% Sodium Chuanxiong at 0.25–0.5 g/mu or 10% imidacloprid diluted 1000 times.
- **Whiteflies**: Use 10% imidacloprid diluted 1000 times or 10% ciprofloxacin at 1500 times.
- **Tea thrips**: Apply 1.8% abamectin at 2000–3000 times or 20% kongjia (kunlun) at 1000–1500 times.
For diseases, which can occur throughout the growing season, daily inspections are conducted, especially in high-humidity conditions. Dust and fumigation methods are preferred, and the correct pesticide is applied based on its interval. Alternating between different agents at the early stage of disease and applying 2–3 sprays is recommended.
- **Downy mildew**: Use 5% chlorothalonil dust at 1 kg/acre or 45% chlorothalonil smoke at 250 g/acre. Alternatively, apply 64% mancozeb at 1000 times or 52.5% DuPont at 3000 times.
- **Bacterial angular leaf spot**: Apply 72% agrocin at 5000 times or 50% DT at 500 times.
- **Anthracnose**: Use the same dust and smoke agents as for downy mildew. Apply 70% new million at 600 times or 2% Wuycin at 200 times.
- **Scab**: Apply similar formulations as for downy mildew. Use 40% Fortune Star at 8000 times or 10% World Star at 2000–3000 times.
- **Powdery mildew**: Use 40% Fuxing at 8000 times or 10% World Star at 2000–3000 times.
- **Fusarium wilt**: Apply 6% kasugamycin at 300 times or 50% carbendazim at 500 times.
- **Botrytis cinerea**: Use 6.5% vancomycin powder at 1 kg/mu, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol at 250 g/mu, Shijiale at 600 times, or 50% gain at 800 times.
This comprehensive strategy not only protects the crop but also promotes long-term ecological balance and food safety.
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