The survival rate and the opening rate of seedlings have long been a major concern for farmers. Improving these two key indicators is an urgent challenge that needs to be addressed in the industry. Several factors, including water quality, climate conditions, timing of unloading, seedling quality, stocking methods, transportation, grading, aquatic plants in cages, water maintenance, carcass management, farming concepts, feeding practices, box checks, and food tables, all play a significant role in determining success.
To ensure better outcomes, attention must be given to both pre-stocking preparation and the actual stocking process. Here are some important points to consider:
1. **Water Quality**: The water in Dianchi must be soft, fresh, and cool, with dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg/l. The pH should be between 7.2 and 7.6. Toxic ammonia should not exceed 0.02 mg/l, hydrogen sulfide below 0.1 mg/l, and nitrite under 0.05 mg/l. Water testing is essential before stocking, and any imbalances must be corrected. The pond depth should be maintained at around 40 cm.
2. **Water Temperature**: The temperature in the next box should remain stable at 25°C, with a daily fluctuation of no more than 5°C. Avoiding extreme temperatures is crucial, as the maximum should not exceed 34°C. These conditions help ensure the seedlings adapt well.
3. **Climate Considerations**: Farmers should monitor weather forecasts closely before stocking. It's best to choose days with clear skies and at least four consecutive sunny days. The temperature difference between day and night should also stay within 5°C to reduce stress on the seedlings.
4. **Aquatic Plants in Cages**: Lush vegetation in the cages provides a natural habitat for seedlings, helping them avoid stress and jaundice. A mix of 5% oil grass with the main plant species is recommended to enhance their living environment.
5. **Seedling Quality**: Seedling quality is influenced by fishing techniques, source, holding time, handling, and transport. When purchasing, it’s important to verify the origin and quality. Local seedlings from similar environments are ideal. Electrolyzed seedlings can be beneficial for a short period, but they should be handled carefully. Avoid touching them with mucus, and watch out for signs of dizziness or brain damage. If the fish is unconscious, use a net to gently remove surface jaundice. Proper identification of the bar is also important—lake-raised seedlings tend to be fatter, while wild ones may appear thinner.
6. **Temporary Holding**: Seedlings kept temporarily must be handled smoothly to avoid injury. Use clean, clear water from natural sources, not tap or contaminated water. The temperature difference when adding new water should not exceed 2°C. Maintain a fish-to-water ratio of at least 1:2, and change the water at least four times daily. Do not keep them longer than four days.
7. **Transportation**: During transport, seedlings should be moved quickly and gently. A fish-to-water ratio of 1:2 or higher is strongly recommended. Add 6 drops of povidone iodine per 100 kg (fish + water) to maintain water quality. Long-distance transport should not exceed 10 hours to minimize stress.
8. **Acclimation and Grading**: After returning from the lower box, seedlings must be acclimated to the lake’s water temperature gradually. Divide them into three or preferably four grades, ensuring accurate and quick sorting. Remove weak or injured individuals. If transported in a medicated bath, avoid using chemical treatments. Instead, opt for electrolytic multidimensional baths, which may only offer temporary benefits and could weaken the seedlings’ immunity. Keep detailed records during delivery.
By following these steps, farmers can significantly improve survival rates and opening ratios, leading to better yields and healthier fish populations.
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