Maize is a high-yield crop that requires significant amounts of nutrients to reach its full potential. Proper fertilization is essential for achieving both high yields and stable production. Based on the nutrient demand patterns of maize, it's crucial to determine an appropriate fertilization method and the right balance of nutrients to ensure quality, productivity, and maximum economic returns.
First, applying basal fertilizer before planting is important. It should mainly consist of organic matter, such as decomposed wheat or buckwheat straw, which can be directly incorporated into the field. However, it's also necessary to add an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to maintain a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which helps speed up the decomposition of organic materials. The main types of fertilizers used in this stage include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. For example, diammonium phosphate (5–10 kg per 667 square meters) and potassium sulfate (4–15 kg per 667 square meters) are commonly applied.
Second, top-dressing plays a vital role in the growth of corn. This involves applying additional nitrogen, usually in a fast-acting form, along with phosphorus and potassium depending on the growth stage. Typically, there are three key stages for top-dressing: seedling, jointing, and tasseling. During the jointing and booting stages, corn has higher demands for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Farmers should adjust the application based on the specific conditions of their fields and soil fertility levels.
Third, foliar fertilization can be a smart addition. Spraying a 0.2% to 0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the jointing stage can increase yield by over 10%. Additionally, spraying a 0.1% to 0.3% zinc sulfate solution at the seedling and jointing stages helps prevent diseases like white mosaic disease in corn.
Lastly, it's important to choose the right special fertilizers. With so many options available in the market, some products may not be of high quality. Always select fertilizers that match the specific needs of your corn plants and the nutrient content of your soil. Consulting with local agricultural experts or conducting soil tests can help you make more informed decisions. By following these practices, farmers can optimize their inputs and achieve better results in their maize production.
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