Maize is a high-yield crop that requires significant amounts of nutrients to thrive. Proper fertilization plays a crucial role in ensuring both high and consistent yields. Based on the nutrient demand patterns of corn, it's essential to adopt a scientifically balanced fertilization strategy. This includes determining the right type and amount of fertilizer to achieve superior quality and maximum yield, ultimately leading to higher economic returns.
First, applying basal fertilizer before planting is essential. Organic manure should be the main component, and crop residues like wheat or buckwheat straw can be incorporated directly into the soil. However, it's important to add an appropriate amount of nitrogen to maintain a proper carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which helps speed up the decomposition of organic matter. The primary fertilizers used at this stage include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. For example, diammonium phosphate (5–10 kg per 667 square meters) and potassium sulfate (4–15 kg per 667 square meters) are commonly applied.
Second, top-dressing is a critical step during the growth cycle of corn. It provides essential nutrients at key developmental stages. Nitrogen is usually applied in a fast-acting form, while phosphorus and potassium are added depending on the growth phase. Typically, three top-dress applications are made: at the seedling stage, jointing stage, and ear formation. During the jointing and booting phases, corn has a higher demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, so these nutrients should be applied based on field conditions and plant needs.
Third, foliar fertilization can be an effective supplement. Spraying a 0.2%–0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2–3 times during the jointing stage can increase yield by more than 10%. Additionally, applying a 0.1%–0.3% zinc sulfate solution during the early growth and jointing stages helps prevent diseases such as white mosaic disease in corn.
Lastly, when choosing special fertilizers, it's important to be cautious. With many products available in the market, not all are of high quality. Always select fertilizers based on the specific growth requirements of your corn and the nutrient levels in your soil. This ensures you're using the most effective and suitable options for your crops.
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