First, determine the animal's age, weight, physiological condition, and production level to establish the appropriate feeding standards. When adjustments are needed, start by setting the energy requirements, then adjust other nutrients based on their ratios within the feeding guidelines.
Next, evaluate local feed resources to decide which types of feed to include in the formulation. This helps ensure cost-effectiveness and availability.
Then, consult a feed nutrient value table to identify the amounts of key nutrients in each feed ingredient that meet the animal’s requirements. This step is crucial for balancing the diet effectively.
Use an appropriate calculation method to develop the initial formula. Common approaches include the Pearson square method or linear programming, depending on the complexity of the mix.
Once the basic formula is set, fine-tune the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and amino acids. Start by adjusting phosphorus using phosphorus-rich ingredients like bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, or calcium phosphate. Then, add calcium carbonate (such as limestone or shell powder) to balance the calcium content. For amino acids, consider adding synthetic sources like lysine or methionine.
After determining the main mineral feed quantities, recheck and adjust the percentages of all nutrients in the initial formulation to ensure they align with the target values.
Finally, incorporate trace elements and vitamins to complete the nutritional profile. These micronutrients are essential for overall health and performance.
The order of nutrient calculations in a feed formula typically follows this sequence: energy, crude protein, phosphorus, calcium, salt, amino acids, other minerals, and finally vitamins.
Formulating a balanced feed requires two key components: understanding the animal’s nutritional needs and knowing the nutrient composition of available feedstuffs. To make the formula more advanced and scientifically accurate, it’s also beneficial to review recent research and studies in animal nutrition. This ensures that the feed formulation remains up-to-date and optimized for both health and productivity.
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