First, choose a seedbed location that is sunny, sheltered from the wind, and has good drainage and irrigation facilities. It should be close to the transplanting area to make it easier to move seedlings. This ensures efficient handling and reduces stress on young plants.
Second, prepare nutrient-rich soil by selecting organic-rich, well-ventilated, moisture-retentive, and fertile soil. Avoid using cotton-fertile soil directly. Mix 4 parts of fully decomposed manure with 6 parts of soil, then sieve the mixture. Add 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per 50 kg of soil, along with a small amount of bactericide. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this could burn the seedlings. Ensure the soil is thoroughly mixed and ready for bagging.
Third, select appropriate nursery bags, preferably 10 cm x 12 cm or 12 cm x 14 cm in size. One mu of land requires approximately 3,000 to 4,000 nursery bags. Fill each bag with the prepared nutrient soil and lightly compact it to ensure even distribution and stability.
Fourth, perform precise sowing. (a) Seed treatment: Before planting, apply 0.8% of the dry seed weight with 40% seed dressing powder. After drying, soak and germinate the seeds, and sterilize them. (b) Sowing: On a sunny morning, water the seedbed first. Use a wooden stick to create a 2 cm diameter hole, 1.5 cm deep, in the center of each nursery bag. Place 2–3 seeds into each hole and cover them with 1.5–2 cm of nutrient soil. Keep the topsoil moist to promote quick germination and healthy seedling growth. (c) Bag placement: The seedbed can be semi-underground, with width adjusted based on the type of land and number of nursery bags. After placing the bags, add some loose soil or sand at the bottom and level the bags according to specifications. To facilitate management, leave a footpath every 1 meter.
Fifth, manage the seedbed effectively. (a) Water regulation: In open fields, maintain consistent moisture to prevent tall, weak seedlings. In greenhouses, control watering to improve air circulation, increase ground temperature, and encourage root development. (b) Growth control: To prevent excessive elongation, spray 1000 ppm salicylic acid on the leaves of cotton seedlings. This helps thicken roots and shorten the seedling period. (c) Pest and disease control: High humidity and dense planting increase the risk of pests and diseases. Monitor closely, especially for red rot, anthracnose, and blight, which are common during the seedling stage. Pests such as aphids, thrips, and leafhoppers should also be controlled. If lesions appear on plants or if more than 5% of leaves show symptoms after the fourth true leaf, take immediate action.
Sixth, transplant scientifically. (a) Planting density: Transplanting fields using nursery bags should have a higher density than normal spring cotton fields—around 200–300 plants per mu. Adjust density based on soil fertility: plant densely in poor soil and sparsely in fertile soil. A typical planting rate is 3,300–4,000 plants per mu. Row spacing can be adjusted depending on the wheat stubble situation. (b) Transplanting: After wheat harvest, quickly transplant the seedlings. Dig a ditch along the ridge, lay out the seedlings flat, and add compost in the middle. Apply 5–10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre, then water thoroughly to help the seedlings establish.
Finally, after planting and colonization, conduct regular inspections. Replace any bent or dead seedlings promptly. Implement four key management practices: loosen the soil, apply fertilizers, water regularly, and control pests. These steps ensure healthy and vigorous growth of the cotton plants.
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