Cress cultivation techniques

Parsley Umbelliferae is a perennial, medium-sized, semi-herbaceous plant. In our county, the cultivated area of artificial cress is approximately tens of mu, mainly located in suburban areas, Hongmiao, and Qujiang New Street. Based on the shape of its compound leaves, the watercress grown here is known as pointed leaf cress. This variety has a wide adaptability but tends to have stems and leaves with higher levels of coarse fibers, resulting in moderate quality. The yield per mu ranges from 1.5 to 2 tons, with an output value of around 1800 to 2000 yuan. The tender stems are commonly used as a vegetable, often stir-fried and enjoyed for their cool, refreshing flavor. Watercress is available all year round in our county, though summer production is generally lower compared to spring. The soil suitable for growing cress should be fertile, with a thick silt layer and high organic matter content. It is recommended to use slightly acidic to neutral soils. Fertilization should focus on nitrogen-based fertilizers, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium. For base fertilizer, 2500–3000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, along with 15–20 kg of urea and 20 kg of potassium sulfate, is ideal. Cress can be planted throughout the year in our county. However, it is not typically propagated by seeds; instead, stem cuttings or runners are used for planting. The spacing is about 45 inches, with three plants spaced apart. It is grown in shallow water with a depth of 5–6 cm. The first harvest can be done approximately 60–70 days after planting, and subsequent harvests every 30–40 days. As a cool-season plant, cress thrives best at temperatures between 12–24°C, and growth slows significantly when temperatures exceed 25°C. This is why summer growth is much slower than in spring. In deep plots with sufficient fertility, no additional fertilization is needed during the entire growth period. However, if the crop shows signs of nutrient deficiency, a top dressing of urea at 10–15 kg per acre is recommended. Ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium nitrate should be avoided to prevent damage to young plants. If the soil is deficient in potassium, 15 kg of potassium sulfate per acre can be applied. The species of watercress grown in the region is relatively limited, and the main disease is leaf spot. To control this, you can spray 65% dexamethasone WP diluted 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil WP diluted 600 times. For rust, 15% sulfur powder can be sprayed at 1000 times dilution, or 15% rust at 3000 times and 70% mancozeb at 1000 times. Spraying should be done once every 7–10 days, and repeated 2–3 times if necessary. Insect pests, particularly aphids, can be controlled by spraying 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate of rattan essential oil at 600–800 times dilution, or 3% murobactin solution at 2000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 2000 times. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are essential to maintain healthy crops.

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