Peanut stalk rot is a serious disease that significantly affects peanut crops. It causes root rot, stem rot, and seedling death. On average, it leads to about 10% seedling mortality, with up to 20-30% in severe cases, and as high as 80% in extremely affected fields. This has a major impact on yield and production. Due to the widespread occurrence of this disease last year in our province, along with a high bacterial load in the soil and recent heavy rainfall, some spring-sown plots have already started showing symptoms. Local authorities should intensify monitoring and take timely preventive measures.
The disease primarily infects the rhizomes of peanuts and often occurs alongside root rot. It spreads quickly and results in a high rate of seedling death. The disease can affect plants from the seedling stage through the mature phase, but it is most severe during the flowering period. In the early growth stage, cotyledons turn dark, and yellow-brown water-soaked lesions appear at the base of the stems, leading to seedling death in severe cases. During the adult stage, leaves become lighter in color, and plants may wilt during midday, though they might recover later. Yellow-brown, water-soaked lesions appear on roots and stems, and as the disease progresses, plants wilt and die. The affected parts are easily peeled away, exposing black-brown fibers, and large black spots may be visible. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, but initial symptoms can resemble nutrient deficiencies, so careful differentiation is needed. Pulling up the plant and checking for discoloration or spots in the roots and stems is a good diagnostic method.
The disease is mainly spread through infected soil and bacterial seeds, and its incidence tends to increase in years with heavy rainfall. There are two main periods of infection: one from late May to late June, which coincides with the flowering stage of spring-planted peanuts, a time when plants require more water and nutrients, making it the first peak of disease occurrence; the second occurs in August, when summer-planted peanuts also enter the flowering stage. Warm temperatures and moderate rainfall during this time create favorable conditions for bacterial infection. If both periods coincide with rainy weather, the disease risk increases significantly. Fields with poor drainage and heavy clay soils are particularly vulnerable.
Prevention is key in controlling this disease, as it spreads rapidly after rain or irrigation, leading to large areas of dead plants. Once the disease is detected, immediate action must be taken.
1. Improve field management by using proper fertilization, appropriate planting density, regular weeding, and timely drainage to promote healthy growth and enhance the plant’s resistance to disease.
2. Before sowing, drying the seeds can help kill bacteria on the surface while improving germination rates. It is recommended to spread the seeds in fine weather for 1-2 days before planting.
3. Use chemical seed treatments to prevent soil-borne diseases and pests. Some farmers may only use insecticides, but it's important to apply both fungicides and insecticides. For summer peanuts after wheat harvest, proper seed dressing is essential. A 0.2% carbendazim solution can be used, mixing 1 liter of carbendazim with 1 kg of seeds, or soaking them for 24 hours before planting.
4. During the growing season, implement regular disease control measures to prevent further spread. Apply 50% carbendazim WP or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder diluted 600-800 times, using 50-60 liters of water per hectare. Remove the sprayer nozzle and spray directly at the base of the stems for better coverage.
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