First, ensure seedlings meet quality standards. Healthy seedlings should have strong branches, good maturity, and full buds. Their roots must be intact with plenty of fibrous roots, and they should be free from pests and diseases. Additionally, seedling height should comply with specific requirements. For example, poplar species such as Populus tomentosa, fast-growing poplars, and Farnmon should have a diameter of more than 3 cm and a height of over 3.5 meters. Fruit trees like apple, pear, apricot, and peach should be at least 1 meter tall.
Second, pay attention to the timing of lifting seedlings. Ideally, planting should occur during the dormancy period. Deciduous trees can be lifted from the start of autumn leaf fall until the sap begins to flow in spring. Evergreen trees can also be lifted during the rainy season. It is best to lift seedlings in early spring, before they begin to sprout. If seedlings are lifted after the shoots have started to open, their survival rate may decrease significantly.
Third, master the proper digging technique. When lifting seedlings, avoid damaging the roots as much as possible. Dig deeply and widely, ensuring that the main root and lateral roots are at least 20 cm long. Be careful not to damage the bark or the shoots. Due to dry conditions in winter and spring, nursery soil tends to become compacted, making it harder to lift seedlings. To make the process easier, water the nursery area four days before lifting. This allows the seedlings to absorb enough nutrients and moisture, ensuring a healthy root system and improving their drought resistance.
Fourth, when digging seedlings with a root ball, the diameter of the earth ball should be 6 to 12 times the diameter of the seedling. For valuable or ornamental trees, wrap the root ball with straw ropes to prevent it from falling apart. After planting, make sure the roots are tightly connected to the soil for optimal growth.
Fifth, perform seedling disinfection. One method is to immerse the seedlings in a 3-5 degree Baumé solution for 20-23 minutes, or soak them in a 1:2:100 Bordeaux mixture for 10-20 minutes. Another method is insecticidal disinfection, using a 50% methyl parathion emulsifiable concentrate diluted 500 times for 20 minutes.
Sixth, properly grade the seedlings. To maintain balance and ensure healthy growth after planting, immediately classify the seedlings and mark the variety names to avoid confusion. The classification criteria include pure varieties, same type of rootstock, full branches, well-developed buds, adequate height and thickness, well-developed roots with many roots, minimal root damage, and no serious disease, pest infestation, or mechanical injury. For coniferous species, the development of the terminal bud should also be considered.
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