First, follow the quality standards for seedlings. Healthy seedlings should have strong branches, good maturity, and full buds. Their roots should be intact with plenty of fine roots, and they must be free from pests and diseases. Additionally, their height should meet specific requirements. For example, poplar and fast-growing species like Populus tomentosa and Farnmon should have a trunk diameter of at least 3 cm and a height of over 3.5 meters. Fruit trees such as apple, pear, apricot, and peach should be taller than 1 meter.
Second, pay attention to the timing of lifting seedlings. Ideally, planting should take place during the dormant season. Deciduous trees can be lifted from the beginning of autumn until the sap starts flowing in spring. Evergreen trees can also be lifted during the rainy season. It is best to lift seedlings in early spring, before they start to sprout. If lifting is delayed after the shoots have opened, the survival rate will decrease significantly.
Third, master the proper lifting technique. When digging up seedlings, avoid damaging the root system as much as possible. Dig deeply and widely, ensuring that both the main and lateral roots are at least 20 cm long. Be careful not to harm the bark or tender shoots. Due to dry conditions in winter and spring, the soil in the nursery tends to become compacted, making it harder to lift seedlings. To improve success, water the nursery area four days before lifting. This allows the seedlings to absorb enough nutrients and moisture, ensuring a healthy root system and better drought resistance.
Fourth, when lifting seedlings with a root ball, the size of the earth ball should be 6 to 12 times the diameter of the seedling. For valuable or special trees, wrap the root ball with straw ropes to prevent it from falling apart. After planting, make sure the roots are in close contact with the surrounding soil to promote quick establishment.
Fifth, perform proper seedling disinfection. One method is to dip the seedlings in a 3-5 degree Baume solution for 20-23 minutes, or use a 1:2:100 Bordeaux mixture for 10-20 minutes. Another option is insecticidal disinfection using a 50% methyl parathion emulsifiable concentrate diluted 500 times and soaked for 20 minutes.
Sixth, ensure proper grading of seedlings. To maintain balance and growth potential after planting, immediately classify the seedlings by variety and location, marking them clearly to avoid confusion. The classification criteria include pure varieties, same rootstock type, well-developed branches and buds, sufficient height and thickness, well-developed roots with many fine roots, minimal root damage, and no serious disease or pest infestation or mechanical damage. For coniferous species, the development of the terminal bud should also be considered.
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