To ensure the healthy growth and high yield of lychee trees, several key agricultural practices should be implemented. First, proper pruning is essential to maintain a well-structured canopy. Over-pruning or blindly removing branches can lead to excessive growth of lateral shoots, resulting in poor air circulation and light penetration. It is important to remove dense, leggy, and weak shoots early on, especially those emerging from latent or adventitious buds on older branches. Prune by cutting back to 10–15 cm above a bud, which helps promote renewal and rejuvenation without compromising ventilation or fruit coloring.
Second, balanced fertilization and irrigation play a crucial role in supporting fruit development. Apply top-dressings of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium before flowering, during fruit set, and before harvest. Combine these with timely irrigation to enhance nutrient absorption, improve fruit quality, and ultimately increase both yield and profitability.
Third, enhancing pollination is vital for better fruit set. Spraying a 0.3% borax solution or using "Shuofeng 481" diluted at 500 times before and after flowering can improve pollination and help flowers and young fruits withstand adverse weather conditions. For varieties with low or no pollen production, artificial pollination or introducing bees and wall bees during the blooming period can significantly boost fruit setting rates.
Fourth, timely fruit thinning is necessary to avoid overloading the tree. For high self-fertility varieties, thin out excess flowers and fruits as early as possible. For low self-fertility or pollen-free varieties, avoid thinning and allow natural fruiting. Thinning should be completed within two weeks after flowering. Select fruits that are 5–30 cm long and 0.3–0.5 cm thick, spacing them 15–20 cm apart. On long fruiting branches, retain 2–3 fruits; on medium branches, keep 1–2; and on short branches, choose 1 per branch.
Fifth, fruit bagging is an effective method to improve fruit appearance, color, and reduce pesticide use. It also protects against cracking and sunburn. Late-season lychee varieties benefit greatly from this practice. Bag the fruits immediately after fruit set, ensuring that insecticides are applied before bagging. Remove the bags 3–5 days before harvest to allow proper color development.
Lastly, pest and disease control is critical throughout the growing season. After flowering, spray bactericides every 10–15 days to prevent diseases such as bacterial blight, anthracnose, and gummosis. From late April to mid-August, apply insecticides and acaricides monthly to manage pests like aphids, mites, borers, and leaf miners. A consistent preventive approach ensures healthier trees and higher-quality fruit production.
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