In order to achieve better growth and higher fruit yield in lychee trees, several key agricultural practices should be implemented. First, it's important to manage excessive shoot growth through proper pruning techniques. Blindly removing the central shoots can lead to an overgrowth of lateral branches, resulting in a dense canopy that hinders air circulation and sunlight penetration. Therefore, it's essential to remove crowded or leggy shoots as early as possible, especially those sprouting from latent or adventitious buds on older branches. Pruning should involve cutting back to 10–15 cm above the desired point, which promotes renewal and rejuvenation of the tree without compromising light exposure or fruit color development.
Second, proper fertilization and irrigation are crucial for healthy growth and fruit development. Applying top-dressing at key stages—before flowering, during fruit set, and before harvest—ensures the tree receives adequate nutrients. Combining fertilization with timely irrigation helps enhance nutrient absorption, supporting strong fruit growth and ultimately increasing both yield and quality.
Third, improving pollination is vital for successful fruit setting. Spraying a 0.3% borax solution or using "Shuofeng 481" diluted to 500 times before and after flowering can enhance pollination and improve the tree’s ability to withstand weather fluctuations. For varieties that produce little or no pollen, artificial pollination or introducing bees and wall bees during the flowering period can significantly boost fruit set rates.
Fourth, fruit thinning should be done promptly to ensure optimal fruit size and quality. For high self-fertility varieties, thinning should be done early, while low self-fertility or pollen-deficient varieties may not require thinning. The process should be completed within two weeks after flowering. Select fruits that are 5–30 cm long and 0.3–0.5 cm thick, spacing them 15–20 cm apart. On long fruiting branches, retain 2–3 fruits; on medium branches, 1–2; and on short branches, 1 per branch.
Fifth, fruit bagging is an effective method to improve fruit appearance, color, and protection against pests and environmental damage. Late-ripening varieties particularly benefit from this practice. Bags should be applied immediately after fruit set, with insecticides sprayed beforehand. Remove the bags 3–5 days before harvest to allow for proper coloring and ripening.
Lastly, disease and pest control must be prioritized. After flowering, applying bactericides every 10–15 days helps prevent diseases like bacterial blight, anthracnose, and gummosis. From late April to mid-August, regular applications of insecticides and acaricides are necessary to manage pests such as aphids, mites, and leaf miners. Consistent monitoring and timely intervention are key to maintaining tree health and ensuring a bountiful harvest.
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