Bracken, also known as fern, fistula, dragon claw, ruyi, or longevity fern, is a perennial herb that typically grows up to about one meter in height. It develops underground rhizomes and produces leaves from these stems. When the new leaves first unfurl, their upper parts are curled inward and covered with dense hair. As they expand, the leaves become three-pinnately compound. The petioles of the growing leaves are long and smooth, while the leaves themselves contain spore-producing structures that hold the spores necessary for reproduction.
The young leaves, buds, and tender stems of bracken are rich in essential nutrients such as protein, fat, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, and various trace elements that are beneficial to human health. Additionally, the rhizomes contain 35% to 40% starch, making them highly nutritious. Bracken is naturally grown without the use of pesticides or fertilizers, making it an ideal green, pollution-free, and low-calorie food option. With rising living standards and increasing awareness of healthy eating, the demand for bracken has been steadily growing.
Traditionally, bracken was consumed as a wild vegetable, but with the surge in market demand, artificial cultivation has become more common in recent years. Bracken can now be cultivated in various environments, including small plastic sheds, plastic greenhouses, energy-efficient solar greenhouses, and heated greenhouses. Farmers can choose the most suitable method based on local conditions. Cultivating bracken in plastic greenhouses allows for a continuous supply of fresh bracken throughout the year, offering high economic returns.
Key cultivation techniques include:
1. **Site Preparation and Planting**: For each acre (667 square meters), apply 5,000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer. When planting, ensure the root system is intact and avoid damaging it. Gently straighten the roots before planting, and water thoroughly after planting.
2. **Covering and Management**: Before the ground freezes, maintain a temperature of around 20°C under the cover. If the temperature exceeds 30°C, it should be adjusted immediately. At this stage, avoid watering the seedlings and strictly control the temperature. After 15 days, the temperature can gradually increase to 25°C.
3. **Harvesting and Processing**: It takes approximately 20 days for the plant to sprout, and the first harvest can be done within 10 to 15 days. The harvesting standard is when the young leaves begin to unfold, and the plants can be harvested every 7 days. This ensures optimal quality and yield.
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