Recently, a storm of rectification of the abuse of antibacterial drugs has been set in the medical community in China. On October 14, the Ministry of Health announced that it will implement a special rectification of the clinical application of antibiotics throughout the country in a three-year cycle. This action was referred to by the industry as "the strictest ever" antibacterial drug remediation. "As the worst abuser of antibiotics in the world, China's average person must 'hang 8 bottles of water' each year." Yao Jianhong, deputy director of the Department of Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health, said recently that it is not an exaggeration to say that antibiotics have destroyed a generation of Chinese people. What did the antibiotics bring to the people? What are the hidden dangers of this phenomenon?
Antibiotic abuse shocking
At present, there are more than 6,000 pharmaceutical factories in China, producing tens of thousands of antibacterial drugs. Professor Xiao Yonghong, a member of the Expert Committee on Rational Drug Use of the Ministry of Health and who has specialized in the study of antibiotic clinical pharmacology for many years, once conducted a survey with colleagues: China produces approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotic raw materials each year, exports about 30,000 tons, and uses 180,000 tons domestically ( Including medical and agricultural use, the per capita annual consumption is about 138 grams, which is 10 times that of Americans. The other data is even more shocking. In the list of drugs that cause adverse reactions, the top 10 are all antibacterials.
When it comes to the extent to which antibiotics are abused in China, Xiao Yonghong has described that even if you go to the smallest clinic to see a doctor, as long as you come, no matter what the disease is, you will use antibiotics. “Especially in basic hospitals, it is 'vitamins', 'hormone' and 'antibiotics'. Adding a bottle of water, we often describe it as 'three prime one soup'.â€
In the face of persistently high antibiotic abuse rates, on May 16, the Ministry of Health promulgated the "Administrative Measures for the Clinical Application of Antibacterial Drugs (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)" and the "National Program for the Special Campaign for the Clinical Application of Antibacterial Drugs in 2011". The remediation of the use of antibiotics "limited variety, limited amount, limit level" by the industry as "the most severe in history." According to the regulations, the antibacterial drugs in tertiary hospitals were compressed to 50 types, and only 35 in secondary hospitals. The reporter learned that the types of antibacterial drugs commonly used in tertiary hospitals in the past were about 100, and there were also 70 or 80 types of secondary hospitals, which meant that nearly half of the antibacterial drugs would be retired. The Ministry of Health began to supervise and inspect the special treatment of antibiotics nationwide on November 7. For hospitals that are not implemented according to management measures, relevant methods have also been introduced in various places. For example, Beijing will soon consider four indicators such as the clinical use of antibacterial drugs as an important factor in rating, and those who fail will face downgrades.
Since the implementation of the special rectification in July, hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and other cities have successively cracked down on antibiotic drugs: Zhou Jianxin, deputy head of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, said that at present, the Tiantan Hospital allocates the prescription of antibacterial drugs to doctors of different ranks. The Chief Physician can only use special drugs; Sichuan West China Hospital categorized 88 clinically used antibacterial drugs and cut 38 in one stroke; the Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine stipulates that similar operations such as breast and hernia, except Patients with older age or with chronic diseases such as diabetes, in principle, do not have antibiotics; Hunan Xiangya Hospital opened the nation’s first "resistance clinic" to treat patients with multi-drug resistant infections, and to guide ordinary people to use antibiotics rationally.
Antibiotics are double-edged swords
From Fleming’s discovery of “penicillin†in 1928, to this day, there are no less than 10,000 kinds of antibiotics that humans have discovered.
Sun Zhongshi, a national expert on the rational drug monitoring system of the Ministry of Health, told reporters: “Antibiotics are double-edged swords. There is information that the use of antibiotics has extended the life span of human health for 24 years, and the mortality rate has dropped by 1/2. Without the emergence of antibiotics, the world’s population of 7 billion may have been only about 3.5 billion. It has saved the lives of hundreds of millions of people worldwide.â€
However, while antibiotics play an omnipotent “Superman†role, the health risks caused by their side effects have become more and more apparent. The American doctor Lawrence Wilson published an article listing the top ten counts of antibiotics, including "increasing the risk of cancer, causing allergic reactions and ear and kidney toxicity, and deconstructing the intestinal flora."
In China, the harm caused by the abuse of antibiotics represented by antibiotics has also been highlighted. 1. Tetracycline teeth. Many people in the late 1960s and early 1970s had a yellow tetracycline tooth. This is due to the administration of tetracycline drugs during the mineralization of the teeth. This iconic tooth became a deep imprint of antibiotics on that generation of Chinese people. 2. deaf. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and Qingda, can easily cause deafness in children. It is understood that the number of children under 7 years of age in China due to unreasonable use of antibiotics causes the number of deafness to reach 300,000, accounting for 30% to 40% of the total deaf-mute children. 3. Damage the nervous system, kidneys, blood system. This is a spurious increase in the amount of antibacterial drugs (including antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs, such as norfloxacin) may cause harm. 4. Allergic reactions and double infections. Allergic reactions may be triggered by penicillin and streptomycin. The former is the most common and more severe and may even be fatal. Some insensitive bacterial or mold-inducing secondary infections are common in patients who have long abused antibiotics. 5. Drug resistance. Yang Yonghong, a professor at Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, said: “In Beijing Children’s Hospital, bacterial resistance in the 1980s was below 10%, and now penicillin resistance reached 70% or even higher. The antibiotics must be "continuously upgraded."
"Hard spell" not only for doctors
Sun Zhongshi expressed great concern about the abuse of antibiotics. He said that if we come to the "post-antibiotic era," more and more bacteria will become resistant to antibiotics, and the world seems to be returning to an era where there was no antibiotic before, and it will face the terrible consequences of drug-free use.
According to Xiao Yonghong, the reason why antibiotics are abused is mainly due to: 1. The patient treated the antibiotic as a panacea. He ate as soon as he was sick and even volunteered to eat it. 2. One or two days after the use of antibiotics did not see the effect, immediately for another use. 3. The price of antibiotics is relatively expensive compared to other medicines, and it is easily misused by hospitals under the mechanism of taking drugs for medical treatment. 4. The relevant departments do not strictly enforce the management of antibiotics in hospitals and pharmacies. To use antibiotics reasonably and regularly, efforts should be made in these areas.
Wang Minggui, deputy director of the Institute of Antibiotics at Fudan University and deputy director of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, said that the abuse of antibacterial drugs has become the biggest concern of infectious surgeons. To stop the abuse of this kind of abuse, it is necessary not only to raise the level of rational use of drugs by hospitals and doctors, but also to start from the concept of changing the common people, and to constantly read the "sweeping spell."
In the United States, relevant agencies regularly publish guidelines for the use of medication. The media and hospitals will step up publicity efforts to educate everyone on the smart use of antibiotics. They also educate patients not to put pressure on doctors. When they have not identified the source of infection, they should not actively request antibiotics. In Europe and other European countries, very few people go to the hospital because of a cold, let alone use antibiotics for a cold.
Sun Zhongshi finally taught us some principles that should be followed when using medicine: if you can use a narrow spectrum, you don't need to use a broad spectrum; if you can use a low level, you don't need to use advanced ones; if you use one kind, you don't need to use two kinds; if you can take medicine, don't use injections. Do not infuse the injection; mild or moderate infections are generally not combined with antibiotics.
Antibiotic abuse shocking
At present, there are more than 6,000 pharmaceutical factories in China, producing tens of thousands of antibacterial drugs. Professor Xiao Yonghong, a member of the Expert Committee on Rational Drug Use of the Ministry of Health and who has specialized in the study of antibiotic clinical pharmacology for many years, once conducted a survey with colleagues: China produces approximately 210,000 tons of antibiotic raw materials each year, exports about 30,000 tons, and uses 180,000 tons domestically ( Including medical and agricultural use, the per capita annual consumption is about 138 grams, which is 10 times that of Americans. The other data is even more shocking. In the list of drugs that cause adverse reactions, the top 10 are all antibacterials.
When it comes to the extent to which antibiotics are abused in China, Xiao Yonghong has described that even if you go to the smallest clinic to see a doctor, as long as you come, no matter what the disease is, you will use antibiotics. “Especially in basic hospitals, it is 'vitamins', 'hormone' and 'antibiotics'. Adding a bottle of water, we often describe it as 'three prime one soup'.â€
In the face of persistently high antibiotic abuse rates, on May 16, the Ministry of Health promulgated the "Administrative Measures for the Clinical Application of Antibacterial Drugs (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)" and the "National Program for the Special Campaign for the Clinical Application of Antibacterial Drugs in 2011". The remediation of the use of antibiotics "limited variety, limited amount, limit level" by the industry as "the most severe in history." According to the regulations, the antibacterial drugs in tertiary hospitals were compressed to 50 types, and only 35 in secondary hospitals. The reporter learned that the types of antibacterial drugs commonly used in tertiary hospitals in the past were about 100, and there were also 70 or 80 types of secondary hospitals, which meant that nearly half of the antibacterial drugs would be retired. The Ministry of Health began to supervise and inspect the special treatment of antibiotics nationwide on November 7. For hospitals that are not implemented according to management measures, relevant methods have also been introduced in various places. For example, Beijing will soon consider four indicators such as the clinical use of antibacterial drugs as an important factor in rating, and those who fail will face downgrades.
Since the implementation of the special rectification in July, hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and other cities have successively cracked down on antibiotic drugs: Zhou Jianxin, deputy head of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, said that at present, the Tiantan Hospital allocates the prescription of antibacterial drugs to doctors of different ranks. The Chief Physician can only use special drugs; Sichuan West China Hospital categorized 88 clinically used antibacterial drugs and cut 38 in one stroke; the Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine stipulates that similar operations such as breast and hernia, except Patients with older age or with chronic diseases such as diabetes, in principle, do not have antibiotics; Hunan Xiangya Hospital opened the nation’s first "resistance clinic" to treat patients with multi-drug resistant infections, and to guide ordinary people to use antibiotics rationally.
Antibiotics are double-edged swords
From Fleming’s discovery of “penicillin†in 1928, to this day, there are no less than 10,000 kinds of antibiotics that humans have discovered.
Sun Zhongshi, a national expert on the rational drug monitoring system of the Ministry of Health, told reporters: “Antibiotics are double-edged swords. There is information that the use of antibiotics has extended the life span of human health for 24 years, and the mortality rate has dropped by 1/2. Without the emergence of antibiotics, the world’s population of 7 billion may have been only about 3.5 billion. It has saved the lives of hundreds of millions of people worldwide.â€
However, while antibiotics play an omnipotent “Superman†role, the health risks caused by their side effects have become more and more apparent. The American doctor Lawrence Wilson published an article listing the top ten counts of antibiotics, including "increasing the risk of cancer, causing allergic reactions and ear and kidney toxicity, and deconstructing the intestinal flora."
In China, the harm caused by the abuse of antibiotics represented by antibiotics has also been highlighted. 1. Tetracycline teeth. Many people in the late 1960s and early 1970s had a yellow tetracycline tooth. This is due to the administration of tetracycline drugs during the mineralization of the teeth. This iconic tooth became a deep imprint of antibiotics on that generation of Chinese people. 2. deaf. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and Qingda, can easily cause deafness in children. It is understood that the number of children under 7 years of age in China due to unreasonable use of antibiotics causes the number of deafness to reach 300,000, accounting for 30% to 40% of the total deaf-mute children. 3. Damage the nervous system, kidneys, blood system. This is a spurious increase in the amount of antibacterial drugs (including antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs, such as norfloxacin) may cause harm. 4. Allergic reactions and double infections. Allergic reactions may be triggered by penicillin and streptomycin. The former is the most common and more severe and may even be fatal. Some insensitive bacterial or mold-inducing secondary infections are common in patients who have long abused antibiotics. 5. Drug resistance. Yang Yonghong, a professor at Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, said: “In Beijing Children’s Hospital, bacterial resistance in the 1980s was below 10%, and now penicillin resistance reached 70% or even higher. The antibiotics must be "continuously upgraded."
"Hard spell" not only for doctors
Sun Zhongshi expressed great concern about the abuse of antibiotics. He said that if we come to the "post-antibiotic era," more and more bacteria will become resistant to antibiotics, and the world seems to be returning to an era where there was no antibiotic before, and it will face the terrible consequences of drug-free use.
According to Xiao Yonghong, the reason why antibiotics are abused is mainly due to: 1. The patient treated the antibiotic as a panacea. He ate as soon as he was sick and even volunteered to eat it. 2. One or two days after the use of antibiotics did not see the effect, immediately for another use. 3. The price of antibiotics is relatively expensive compared to other medicines, and it is easily misused by hospitals under the mechanism of taking drugs for medical treatment. 4. The relevant departments do not strictly enforce the management of antibiotics in hospitals and pharmacies. To use antibiotics reasonably and regularly, efforts should be made in these areas.
Wang Minggui, deputy director of the Institute of Antibiotics at Fudan University and deputy director of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, said that the abuse of antibacterial drugs has become the biggest concern of infectious surgeons. To stop the abuse of this kind of abuse, it is necessary not only to raise the level of rational use of drugs by hospitals and doctors, but also to start from the concept of changing the common people, and to constantly read the "sweeping spell."
In the United States, relevant agencies regularly publish guidelines for the use of medication. The media and hospitals will step up publicity efforts to educate everyone on the smart use of antibiotics. They also educate patients not to put pressure on doctors. When they have not identified the source of infection, they should not actively request antibiotics. In Europe and other European countries, very few people go to the hospital because of a cold, let alone use antibiotics for a cold.
Sun Zhongshi finally taught us some principles that should be followed when using medicine: if you can use a narrow spectrum, you don't need to use a broad spectrum; if you can use a low level, you don't need to use advanced ones; if you use one kind, you don't need to use two kinds; if you can take medicine, don't use injections. Do not infuse the injection; mild or moderate infections are generally not combined with antibiotics.
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