Raising mud loach in the lotus root field is a production mode that rapidly increases economic efficiency. It can not only increase the output of lotus roots, but also increase the efficiency of breeding of loach, and is an efficient way to increase income and increase the utilization rate. It can also promote the water ecology of lotus ponds. The balance of the environment. The annual output of lotus root is more than 3 000 kg/mu, the wholesale price is 3 yuan/kg, the output of loach is about 100 kg/mu, the market price is 30 yuan/kg or more, and the lotus seedlings in lotus field can make 10,000 yuan/year More than mu, its main production operation technology is as follows. 1 Selection and Construction of Lotus Paddy Fields 1. 1 Selection of lotus paddy fields The lotus paddy fields should be selected in a sunny location, with a flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, good water retention, and flood prevention. 1. 2 The lotus field must be raised and reinforced around the construction of the lotus field. The field depth should be controlled between 50 and 60 cm, the water depth should be controlled between 20 and 30 cm, and anti-escape nets should be installed at the inlet and outlet to prevent the mud from fleeing. With the cement board standing on the wall of the field, the cement-free board can be replaced with a thicker plastic film. The cement board joints should be sealed with cement. According to the size of the lotus field, it is necessary to excavate a field-shaped, ten-shaped or well-shaped field trench in the field before planting the lotus root. The width and depth of the groove should be controlled within 30-40 cm. In addition, one or four sides of the field should be dug. Or more 1. 0~ 1. 5 m3 puddles, the puddles should communicate with the trenches, mainly for the sake of not picking up muddy when picking lotus roots, and convenient operation when the harvesting muds are listed. 2 The disinfection of lotus fields will control the water depth of lotus roots to be about 10 cm. Lime will be heated and stirred with 60 kg/mu of slurry, and the whole field will be splashed. You can also use bleaching powder 15 kg or 5 kg of strong chlorine to dissolve the water. , Must use plastic products to dissolve the above disinfectant. After 5 to 7 days of disinfection, change the water, change the water, and inject fresh water into the water to test if the toxicity of the field water disappears. Test fish can choose white peony or calyx, test fish after normal life can be put loach seedlings for breeding. 3 Selection of lotus root varieties The selection of high-quality, high-resistance medium-early-maturing varieties, such as No-Flower No.1, No.1 New Zealand, No.3 Saussurea in the United States, and Thailand Flower Qilian. You can mention the morning market and increase your income. 4 Mud farming 4. 1 The selection of loach seedlings should be based on a variety of loach seedlings with complete specifications and robustness. For diseased, disabled, and weak loach seedlings, they should be removed to prevent the intrusion of pathogenic bacteria and cause large losses, which will affect the breeding efficiency. 4. 2 The temperature of the growing muddy water of muddy mud is 15 to 30 degrees, and the optimum water temperature is 22 to 28 degrees. Generally, it can be stocked from late April to early May. Mud seedlings should be soaked in 5% saline for 10 minutes before bathing, or soaked in 0.5-mg/kg potassium permanganate solution for 5 to 10 minutes to prevent disease. In general, the stocking density of Dianchi Lake is calculated at 200kg/ 667m2 of adult fish, and 3 000 to 4 000 fry can be stocked. 4. 3 Feeding management Loach is omnivorous fish, small animals and plants in the water, micro-organisms and organic detritus, all of which they like to eat. Artificial breeding can directly feed aquatic insects, yellow mealworms, cockroaches, aphids, river clams, snails, fish meal, wild fish and livestock and poultry waste, etc., and can also be fed artificial compound feed. Mudworms like to feed at night, so they should be fed once in the morning and in the evening. The pre-breeding period is usually fed from 3% to 4% of the fish's body weight, and from mid-term to 4% to 6% of the fish's body weight. The fed amount of the compound feed can be appropriately reduced in the later period. Feeding should adhere to the four principles. Rainy weather and hot weather reduce the amount of feeding properly. Every day, we must adhere to the field for a week, and we must promptly handle problems. For example, loopholes, water leaks, dead fish, etc., should be dealt with quickly, and the pool should be kept green and tender. Disinfect once with disinfectant such as quick lime or bleach every 15 days. The fertilization of lotus root field is based on multiple basal fertilizers, and less fertilizer is used. Pesticides should be selected with high efficiency and low toxicity, and they should be harmless to loach. Change water regularly, changing water by 20% to 30% each time. 4. 4 Disease control Loach disease resistance is very strong and rarely sick. We must adhere to the principle of prevention, focusing on prevention, and prevention and control. Common diseases include parasitic disease, red fin disease, and print diseases. (1) Parasitic diseases. Mudworms attacked by trichoderma, cup worms and third-generation worms often float on the surface of the water and are disturbed. The control method is: 0. 7 mg / kg of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture dissolved in water after the whole field evenly spilled; or fish net (Deltamethrin solution) 0. 15 ~ 0. 22 mg / Kg whole field evenly spilled. (2) Red fin disease. Due to Brevibacterium infection, parts of the epidermis near the dorsal fins fall off and appear gray, and in severe cases, the fins are bare and do not feed until they die. The prevention and control method is as follows: 1mg/kg bleaching powder or 0.3mg/kg strong chlorine fines can be sprayed all over the field, and can be repeated once every 24 hours, then spilled once every half month for prevention; or 10% fluorine Benicillin 0.4 to 0.8 mg/kg is sprayed evenly across the field and can be used for 2 to 3 days depending on the condition; or 10% of florfenicol powder is mixed at 3 g/kg, mixed and cast. Feed, for 3 to 5 days; if 10% florfenicol powder is mixed by 1 gram of mix and 1 kg is mixed, it can be prevented. (3) Print disease. Infested by Aeromonas punctiformis, the lesions are generally oval, edematous, and erythematous. The affected area is mainly on both sides of the caudal peduncle and may be stamped. The control method is the same as that of the red fin disease. 5 Mud catches use nylon nets to catch fish. This can be done by catching big fish and keeping small ones. Animal slaughter is carried out in the puddles after midnight to trap mud, which can capture 70% to 80% at a time. It can also adopt the method of wheel catching and breeding to raise the economic benefits.
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