Water Management
Controlling and limiting water intake is an important practice in broiler management to prevent rapid growth, which can lead to conditions such as ascites syndrome and sudden death syndrome. In the first 20 days of age, it's advisable to moderately restrict water to reduce the risk of these metabolic diseases. Later on, adding 1-2% garlic to the feed can help prevent enteritis, stimulate feed consumption, and improve overall performance by reducing the number of feeding days. During disease outbreaks—such as E. coli infections, viral diseases, or coccidiosis—it’s recommended to withhold water for 0.5 to 2 hours before administering medication. Similarly, when vaccinating via drinking water, a 2 to 4-hour water restriction can enhance vaccine effectiveness. The duration of water restriction should be adjusted based on the age of the birds, seasonal conditions, their health status, and the half-life of the drugs being used.
Feed Transition
Sudden changes in feed can cause digestive issues like diarrhea, dehydration, and poor feed conversion rates. To minimize stress during feed transitions, a gradual approach known as the "stepwise refueling method" is recommended. For example, if A represents the current feed and B is the new feed, the following methods can be used:
The first method involves mixing 2/3 A with 1/3 B for 1-2 days, then 1/2 A with 1/2 B for another 1-2 days, followed by 1/3 A and 2/3 B for 1-2 days, after which only B is fed. The second method uses a longer transition period: 2/3 A mixed with 1/3 B for 2-3 days, then 1/3 A with 2/3 B for 2-3 days, and finally full transition to B. The third method suggests mixing 1/2 A and 1/2 B for 3-7 days before switching entirely to B. These methods help reduce the stress associated with feed changes and support better digestion and growth.
Medication Practices
Unscientific use of medications in small-scale broiler farming often leads to high drug costs and reduced efficacy. Common mistakes include: using single drugs instead of combinations, administering incorrect dosages that are either too low or too long, leading to toxicity; not completing the full treatment course, resulting in frequent changes; ignoring drug incompatibilities; using medications without proper knowledge, which may lower effectiveness or cause poisoning; failing to consider drug half-lives, which can reduce efficacy if administered over too long a period; and reusing drugs without understanding their ingredients. Proper medication practices are essential to ensure both bird health and economic efficiency.
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