At present, the pepper plants are entering a critical phase of both vegetative and reproductive growth. This period also marks the peak season for pest infestations, which can significantly impact yield if not properly managed. To ensure a healthy harvest, it is essential to implement effective field management practices, including disease prevention, pest control, and proper nutrient management. Based on current conditions and best agricultural practices, the following guidelines are recommended.
First, watering and fertilization should be carefully managed. When there is no rain in the morning for 5 to 7 days, light irrigation is advised, along with the application of 1000 to 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 5 to 10 kg of potassium sulfate. It is important to avoid flooding, especially during July and August when heavy rains may occur. Proper drainage and soil aeration are crucial—regularly loosen the soil and perform shallow tilling (2 to 4 cm deep) to promote root development and prevent waterlogging.
Second, focus on disease and pest prevention. The most common diseases affecting peppers include viral infections, blight, and verticillium wilt. Common pests include the cotton bollworm, red spider mites, aphids, and diamondback moths. Here are some specific control measures:
1. **Viral disease**: Prevent the spread by controlling aphids. Apply imidacloprid at 1500–2000 times dilution mixed with virus A or plant disease ling at 500 times. Alternatively, use imidacloprid + Feng Bi Ling at 4000–5000 times for effective control.
2. **Blight (fungal disease)**: Use infectious cream spirit at 600 times dilution combined with Feng Xi Ling at 4000–5000 times. For large areas, apply 3 kg of 96% copper sulfate per acre, then water after spreading.
3. **Verticillium wilt**: Apply wilt grams or cotton reconstituted sprays to manage this soil-borne disease.
4. **Cotton bollworm**: Control using pyrethroid insecticides or abamectin. Carbamate-based pesticides and diflubenzuron can also be effective.
5. **Red spider mites**: Apply avermectin spray after 5 PM for better results.
6. **Diamondback moth**: Due to its high resistance, avoid long-term use of single chemicals. Instead, combine biological pesticides with synthetic ones. Options include thiazole nitrile + diflubenzuron, pyrethroids + Bt, or avermectin + pyrethroid mixtures.
It is strictly prohibited to use highly toxic pesticides such as methylamine, parathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, or phosphine. Also, excessive use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers should be avoided to prevent environmental harm and crop damage.
By following these management strategies, farmers can protect their crops, improve yield quality, and maintain sustainable farming practices. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to success during this crucial growth stage.
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