The farming area enjoys a mild climate, consistent rainfall, and rich, fertile soil, which together create ideal conditions for crop cultivation. These factors not only provide an ample supply of concentrated feed for sheep in rural areas but also offer a diverse range of roughage. The region is dotted with grassy slopes, tidal flats, and unused farmland corners, all of which serve as natural sources of green feed for livestock. In many rural communities, sheep are typically raised through feeding rather than grazing. This method not only avoids ecological issues but also helps reduce air pollution caused by the burning of crop straw. Additionally, using crop stalks to feed sheep produces a significant amount of organic fertilizer, improving soil fertility and structure, thus supporting sustainable agricultural development and boosting overall productivity.
Sheep and goats are known for their sensitive eating habits. They tend to sniff out their food before consuming it and avoid anything that smells bad, is spoiled, or has been trampled. Clean drinking water is essential for them, making them quite selective when it comes to both food and water. Long-term confinement in farming areas often leads to lower feed intake, weaker growth, smaller body size, and reduced production performance compared to grazing sheep. To address this, several measures can be taken to improve feed consumption.
First, a balanced mix of concentrate feed and forage is essential. Sheep have a naturally low appetite, so it's important to use feeds that are palatable, nutritious, and easy to digest. A diet rich in nutrients is crucial, with roughage making up about two-thirds of the total feed, while concentrates account for the remaining third. To increase nutrient density, roughage can be crushed, softened, or fermented and then mixed with fine feed to make it easier for sheep to consume.
Second, feeding should follow a "coarse first" principle. If the roughage cannot be processed, it should be cut into small pieces (1–2 cm) and fed before the concentrate. This encourages greater feed intake. Feeding should be done in small portions throughout the day. Adult sheep are usually fed three times a day—at around 6, 12, and 18 o'clock—while lambs may need more frequent meals. In winter and spring, an additional night feeding may be necessary. Providing free-choice hay allows sheep to eat at their own pace, helping to prevent underfeeding. Using elevated feeding racks instead of ground feeding promotes hygiene, saves feed, and mimics natural grazing behavior, which supports better health and reduces disease risk.
Third, any change in forage should be gradual. Sudden changes can disrupt the sheep’s digestive system, leading to reduced feed intake, digestive issues, and even death. Therefore, introducing new feed should be done slowly over time.
Fourth, incorporating green and juicy feeds such as fresh pasture, leafy plants, root vegetables, and fruits can enhance the nutritional value of the diet. These feeds are high in moisture, protein, vitamins, and minerals, and they help stimulate appetite and support overall health.
Fifth, ensuring adequate water intake is vital. The rumen of a sheep requires sufficient moisture to function properly. Without enough water, digestion slows down, reducing feed intake. Sheep should be given clean, appropriately temperature-controlled water. Adding salt or a mixture of corn flour and boiled water can encourage drinking.
Sixth, encouraging physical activity is important. Confinement limits movement, which can weaken the sheep and increase the risk of illness. Providing a spacious area for exercise and regularly moving the flock helps maintain their health and improve feed efficiency.
Lastly, adding flavor enhancers such as spices, herbs, or aromatic ingredients can stimulate the sheep’s sense of smell, increasing their appetite. Ingredients like ginger, garlic, cumin, and cinnamon can aid digestion and promote better feed intake over time.
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