With the shift in planting structures, the variety of vegetable species has created favorable conditions for a wide range of pests and diseases. Recent issues observed in fields include both insect pests and plant diseases. Among the insect pests are Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), 28-star ladybug, legume aphids, red spider mites, and tobacco budworm. On the disease front, common problems are rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and sooty mold.
To manage these challenges effectively, integrated pest and disease management strategies should be implemented. For disease control, it is crucial to maintain proper drainage to avoid waterlogging, which can promote fungal growth. Infected or old leaves should be removed from the field, and diseased plants should be uprooted and either buried deeply or burned to prevent further spread. Chemical treatments are also an essential part of the strategy. For coal mildew, rust, and powdery mildew, a 15% triadimefon solution diluted at 1500 times or 80% mancozeb at 800 times can be applied. For sooty mold, a 1500-fold dilution of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate is recommended. Anthracnose can be controlled using thiophanate-methyl or benomyl.
For insect pests, such as Plutella xylostella and tobacco budworm, effective control methods include the use of fipronil, avermectin, and chlorpyrifos. For locusts, bupropion and chlopropham are preferred. It is important to rotate pesticides regularly to reduce the risk of resistance development and ensure long-term effectiveness. Additionally, regular monitoring of crops and early intervention can significantly reduce damage and improve yield quality. By combining cultural, biological, and chemical approaches, farmers can achieve sustainable and efficient pest and disease management.
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