Corn farming requires a well-planned fertilization strategy to ensure optimal growth and high yield. First, the application of basal fertilizer plays a crucial role, typically accounting for 70% to 80% of the total fertilizer used. This base fertilizer is mainly composed of organic materials, often supplemented with phosphate fertilizers. Farmers are advised to apply 2,500 to 5,000 kg of high-quality organic manure per acre. If nitrogen-based fertilizers are used as a base, around 13 to 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 3 to 5 kg of urea can be applied, but it's essential to incorporate them deeply into the soil to prevent nitrogen loss due to volatilization. In phosphorus-deficient soils, 30 to 40 kg of superphosphate per acre is recommended, while in potassium-deficient areas, 15 to 25 kg of potassium chloride is usually sufficient. For zinc-deficient soils, applying 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre as a base fertilizer can significantly improve plant health. When using nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers as a base, they should be concentrated or evenly distributed for maximum efficiency.
Second, when selecting seed fertilizers, diammonium phosphate is considered a safer option compared to urea, which should be kept at least 10 cm away from seeds to avoid burning. A small amount of well-decomposed farmyard manure can also serve as a seed fertilizer, with 300 to 500 kg of high-quality organic manure per acre being a common recommendation. Urea should be applied at a rate of 3 to 5 kg per mu, or 7 to 10 kg of diammonium phosphate. The amount of top-dressing fertilizer can be adjusted based on how much basal fertilizer has been applied—more basal fertilizer may reduce the need for additional top-dressing, and vice versa.
Third, the timing, frequency, and quantity of top-dressing should be tailored according to the growth stage of the corn. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have long-lasting effects and can be applied once during the early stages as either a base or seedling fertilizer. For example, applying 25 to 35 kg of superphosphate and 10 to 15 kg of potassium chloride per acre during the seedling stage can provide essential nutrients. Nitrogen top-dressing is usually done in three steps: 30% of the total nitrogen is applied during the seedling stage to promote strong growth, 50% is applied during the tasseling phase to support ear development, and the remaining 20% is used during the grain-filling stage to ensure adequate nutrition in the later growth period. This approach helps maintain healthy green leaves, improves grain yield, and enhances overall productivity.
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