With the adjustment of planting structures, the increased diversity of vegetable species has created a favorable environment for various pests and diseases. This has led to a rise in both insect infestations and plant diseases, which now require more comprehensive management strategies. Recent reports indicate that the following pests and diseases are commonly observed:
1. Insect Pests: Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), 28-star ladybug, legume aphids, red spider mites, and tobacco budworm.
2. Plant Diseases: Rust, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and sooty mold.
To effectively manage these issues, a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical control methods is recommended.
For disease prevention and control:
1. Ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogging, which can promote the development of fungal diseases.
2. Regularly remove infected leaves, old foliage, and diseased plants from the field. These should be disposed of by deep burial or burning to prevent further spread.
3. Chemical treatments include the use of 15% triadimefon diluted at 1500 times for coal mildew and rust, 80% mancozeb at 800 times for general fungal control, and 15% fenpropidin at 1500 times for powdery mildew. For anthracnose, thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim can be applied as effective fungicides.
For insect pest management:
Control of Plutella xylostella and tobacco budworm is primarily done using insecticides such as fipronil, avermectin, and chlorpyrifos. For locusts, bupropion and chlopyrifos are recommended. It is important to rotate insecticides regularly to prevent resistance and ensure long-term effectiveness. Additionally, integrating biological control agents like predatory insects or microbial pesticides can enhance overall pest management while reducing environmental impact.
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