With the adjustment of the vegetable industry structure, the planting area of ​​late tomato in the high mountain areas in Guizhou has been increasing day by day. However, some imported tomato varieties promoted in recent years have shown high sensitivity to tomato leaf spot disease, such as large-scale outbreaks in Baiyun District, Xifeng County, Xiuwen County, and other places in 2005, due to leaf spot disease in tomato. In the past, the variety cultivated in our city was rarely found. Farmers lacked prevention and treatment experience, and thus they did not control effectively, causing a devastating impact on production. The author summarizes the prevention and control techniques through the field observation and prevention and control tests for the disease as follows.
1 Pathogens and Symptoms Tomato leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Fungi is a fungus that causes damage to the leaves, petioles, pedicels, flower buds, and petals. The leaves are the most important and the fruit is rare. At the beginning of the disease, round or irregular taupe spots appear on the leaves, and then the lesions gradually expand along the veins and become irregular. In the middle stage of disease, petiole, pedicel, calyx, and petal are infected mildly, and the lesions are sunken and thin. Finally, the leaves are broken and perforated until the whole leaves are dry and fall off.
2 Transmission Pathways and Conditions Insects are mainly wintered in the soil and the diseased seeds and seeds. When encountering suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, the bacteria produce conidia and spread with wind, water and agricultural operations.
From July to August in Guizhou, the climate is warm and rainy. The temperature is 22 to 25°C, and the relative humidity is more than 85%. Second, continuous cloudy and rainy days, less sunshine, high soil and air humidity, and long periods of water on the leaves are also important causes of the disease. The lack of fertility, especially the lack of potassium and moon, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the weak resistance to plant growth is also the cause of the disease. Observed from the field, if the same susceptible varieties increase potash fertilizer, pay attention to the early seedlings, leaf thick, old strong, dark green leaves are not susceptible to disease.
Under suitable conditions, the disease spreads very quickly. It takes only 2 to 3 days from the onset to the infection of the whole plant leaf. In the Xifeng Science and Technology Demonstration Park in 2005, due to the continuous sunny rain, part of the land on the August 15 plant is old. The onset of the leaves, to August 17th, includes 100% of leaf infections of the whole plant, including the heart and leaves.
3 Agricultural control 1 Selection of disease-resistant varieties, such as the revitalization series, Gangshi series of varieties. Before seeding, 50% carbendazim or 50% thiram seed dressing with 3 ‰ to 4 ç§å seed weight. Use strong green leaves, hypertrophy of leaves, and strong short internodes.
(2) Planting sorghum plantation with 1.7 to 2m lift, 30cm above planting height, and 1500 to 1800 plantings per 667m2 to ensure ventilation and light in the field and reduce field humidity.
3 Apply base fertilizer and increase potassium fertilizer to increase the resistance of the plant to leaf spot disease. Every 667 square meters of applied organic fertilizer 3000 ~ 5000kg, ternary compound fertilizer 50 ~ 75kg, superphosphate 30kg as the base fertilizer. After spraying, the 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed once every 7 days after flowering, and sprayed for 4 to 5 times and then sprayed once every 10 to 15 days. After the first flower heads were set, the roots were topdressed and applied with 5 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for every 667 square meters, followed by 1 application every 15 to 20 days.
4 Scrape buds in time to ensure field ventilation. For the diseased plants, 0.2% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed together, which can promote the rapid greening of the susceptible plants. The diseased body was promptly removed, and the residual plants after harvest were pulled out of the field and burned.
4 before the drug prevention and treatment of susceptible chlorothalonil (or carbendazim) 800 times + mancozeb 600 times + sulfur suspension 800 to 1000 times mixed spray, or 57.6% copper hydroxide 1000 times spray, Or 20% copper thiophene 500 times spray for prevention.
After the onset, the following formulas can be used alternately: 110% difenoconazole (Shigao) 1500 times liquid + sulfur suspension 800 to 1000 times liquid + thiophanate-methyl 600 times mixed spray; 2 Ai Miao 3000 times liquid + Sulphur suspension agent 800 to 1000 times + mancozeb 600 times mixed spray; Ai Miao has the effect of inhibiting growth and should not be applied after the disease is controlled; 3 high quality 600 times liquid + Wan Weiwei 800 times liquid + Dakkoning 800 times + sulfur suspension 800 to 1000 times mixed spray; 4 Amisida spray.
The above agents are sprayed once every 7 to 10 days. When the condition is serious, it can be shortened to 3 to 4 days and sprayed 2 or 3 times. When spraying, pay attention to the front and back of the blade.
Author's note: Guiyang Vegetable Work Office
1 Pathogens and Symptoms Tomato leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Fungi is a fungus that causes damage to the leaves, petioles, pedicels, flower buds, and petals. The leaves are the most important and the fruit is rare. At the beginning of the disease, round or irregular taupe spots appear on the leaves, and then the lesions gradually expand along the veins and become irregular. In the middle stage of disease, petiole, pedicel, calyx, and petal are infected mildly, and the lesions are sunken and thin. Finally, the leaves are broken and perforated until the whole leaves are dry and fall off.
2 Transmission Pathways and Conditions Insects are mainly wintered in the soil and the diseased seeds and seeds. When encountering suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, the bacteria produce conidia and spread with wind, water and agricultural operations.
From July to August in Guizhou, the climate is warm and rainy. The temperature is 22 to 25°C, and the relative humidity is more than 85%. Second, continuous cloudy and rainy days, less sunshine, high soil and air humidity, and long periods of water on the leaves are also important causes of the disease. The lack of fertility, especially the lack of potassium and moon, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the weak resistance to plant growth is also the cause of the disease. Observed from the field, if the same susceptible varieties increase potash fertilizer, pay attention to the early seedlings, leaf thick, old strong, dark green leaves are not susceptible to disease.
Under suitable conditions, the disease spreads very quickly. It takes only 2 to 3 days from the onset to the infection of the whole plant leaf. In the Xifeng Science and Technology Demonstration Park in 2005, due to the continuous sunny rain, part of the land on the August 15 plant is old. The onset of the leaves, to August 17th, includes 100% of leaf infections of the whole plant, including the heart and leaves.
3 Agricultural control 1 Selection of disease-resistant varieties, such as the revitalization series, Gangshi series of varieties. Before seeding, 50% carbendazim or 50% thiram seed dressing with 3 ‰ to 4 ç§å seed weight. Use strong green leaves, hypertrophy of leaves, and strong short internodes.
(2) Planting sorghum plantation with 1.7 to 2m lift, 30cm above planting height, and 1500 to 1800 plantings per 667m2 to ensure ventilation and light in the field and reduce field humidity.
3 Apply base fertilizer and increase potassium fertilizer to increase the resistance of the plant to leaf spot disease. Every 667 square meters of applied organic fertilizer 3000 ~ 5000kg, ternary compound fertilizer 50 ~ 75kg, superphosphate 30kg as the base fertilizer. After spraying, the 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed once every 7 days after flowering, and sprayed for 4 to 5 times and then sprayed once every 10 to 15 days. After the first flower heads were set, the roots were topdressed and applied with 5 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for every 667 square meters, followed by 1 application every 15 to 20 days.
4 Scrape buds in time to ensure field ventilation. For the diseased plants, 0.2% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed together, which can promote the rapid greening of the susceptible plants. The diseased body was promptly removed, and the residual plants after harvest were pulled out of the field and burned.
4 before the drug prevention and treatment of susceptible chlorothalonil (or carbendazim) 800 times + mancozeb 600 times + sulfur suspension 800 to 1000 times mixed spray, or 57.6% copper hydroxide 1000 times spray, Or 20% copper thiophene 500 times spray for prevention.
After the onset, the following formulas can be used alternately: 110% difenoconazole (Shigao) 1500 times liquid + sulfur suspension 800 to 1000 times liquid + thiophanate-methyl 600 times mixed spray; 2 Ai Miao 3000 times liquid + Sulphur suspension agent 800 to 1000 times + mancozeb 600 times mixed spray; Ai Miao has the effect of inhibiting growth and should not be applied after the disease is controlled; 3 high quality 600 times liquid + Wan Weiwei 800 times liquid + Dakkoning 800 times + sulfur suspension 800 to 1000 times mixed spray; 4 Amisida spray.
The above agents are sprayed once every 7 to 10 days. When the condition is serious, it can be shortened to 3 to 4 days and sprayed 2 or 3 times. When spraying, pay attention to the front and back of the blade.
Author's note: Guiyang Vegetable Work Office
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