A: Pearl is a luxurious decoration and is also a valuable Chinese herbal medicine. Its economic value is high. The culture of pearls is often referred to as a “treasury,†so there is great potential for the development of a cultured pearl industry. Pearls are made from crickets. The genus Anodonta is a mollusc, with a wide variety of species, and is rich in resources. The cultured pearl industry often chooses species such as razor clams, crested cocoons and pearl clams.
Inside the oyster husk, there are 2 pieces of software that wrap the larvae, called the mantle, and when stimulated, they will rapidly divide and proliferate, gradually enveloping the stimulator, forming a complete pearl sac, and centering on the stimuli. A layer of nacre secretion, and finally the formation of pearls. Natural pearls are accidentally invaded by small foreign particles such as sand, eggs, etc. The epidermal cells of the mantle are divided to form a pearl sac, surrounded by foreign matter, and secrete nacre to form a nuclear pearl.
Second, what season is good for pearl culture?
A: The end of spring or early autumn is the best time for childbirth surgery. Due to the high temperatures in midsummer, the dehydration is quick after the water is separated from the water, and the wound is easily irritated and ulcerated. In winter, the carcass is almost in dormant state, and the surgical wound is not easy to heal, and it is prone to spit and rot.
The eels of pearls are generally caught in the wild waters. After the effluent is piled, the time should not be too long. If it cannot be immediately operated due to transportation or other reasons, it should be put into small waters for temporary raising. If conditions permit, a holding pool can be established and the collected river turtles can be fed with fertilizers to improve the success rate of the operation.
Third, how to choose surgery?
A: Surgical fistulas are divided into production and inserts. The tablets used to make small pieces are used to cultivate pearls, ie, inserts. Prior to surgery, the tablets and inserts were selected and placed in pots containing water in a ratio of 1:1. The age of the tablets was 3 years, and the age of the inserts was 4 years. When young, the secretion of pearls is strong, the speed of pearl formation is fast, and the pearl quality is good.
Fourth, please introduce the method of making inserts.
A: The preparation of the insert is divided into 4 steps: splitting, stripping the mantle, removing the outer skin and shaping the slice. Use a split trowel to insert the anterior and posterior anterior and posterior horns to cut off the front and rear axons, and then cut off the junction between the two mantles and the viscera. Take care not to damage the mantle. This is a zygomatic dehiscence; then use a forceps to gently invert the rim along the rim. ,Tip a small mouth at the front or rear edge, clamp the inner skin with a small tweezers, and extend the other scorpion from the small mouth into the skin between the inner and outer skin. Separate the inner skin from front to back. This is the peeling mantle. ; Then use a blade or scissors along the outer edge of the outer edge of the film to cut off the outer skin, the shell side of the face up, spread on the glass plate, this is to remove the outer skin; finally cut off the colored edges with a slicing knife, repair On both sides, cut small square pieces 0.5 cm in length. A small amount of 0.1% chlortetracycline solution was dropped on the small pieces, which were trimmed sections. It should be noted that the trimmed pieces should not be stored so as not to affect the cell viability.
Fifth, how to insert the plug?
A: First, gently insert the pod between the two shells with an opener, so that the shell is opened, fixed with a stopper, the opening does not exceed 1.1--1.4 cm, and wash the central membrane epidermis with a sponge dipped in water Dirt on the viscera; then insert 3 - 4 rows from the gingival line 1 cm from the base of the iliac crest to the mantle, 0.8 cm apart, 1- to 1.5 cm apart, inserts should be evenly arranged, It can be plum-shaped. The insert is suitable for about 40 pieces. Then the needle is tilted. The needle is placed on the front center of the small piece. The small piece is evenly wrapped around the needle of the needle with a crochet, and the coat is pierced with a crochet. The inner skin of the membrane is fed into the connective tissue between the inner and outer epidermis at a time from the opening. The depth is generally about 0.6 cm; the crocheted needle is pressed against the outside of the mantle and the pulled-out tablet is pulled out. The needle, leaving the small piece in the inside; after the small piece is fed in, the small piece of the inner skin of the mantle is finished with a crochet needle into a drum-like protrusion, and the other side of the fistula is operated. After the operation is completed, an operation date is engraved on the shell and the beads are fed into the water.
Sixth, how to carry out breeding of breeding?
Answer: It is better to use a single hanging method. That is, a small hole is drilled with a drill in the coronal crown, and each cormorant is put on a bamboo frame or bamboo frame by suspending a nylon rope or a plastic rope. The line spacing is about 1m, the spacing is about 3cm, and the acreage is 1000 per acre. Only about. The environment of the sloping waters requires sunny ventilation, there are no tall buildings and shaded trees, water depth is more than 1m, there are no aquatic plants, there is faint water flow, and the water quality is neutral. To prevent poisonous sewage from entering the cultured pearl field.
There is no predatory organ, and only the water flow formed by the activity of the cilia is used to ingest food. Therefore, the fish should be kept in the most abundant water layer. When the water temperature is 10-30°C in the spring and autumn, the oysters are suspended from the water surface 20--30cm. At the height of mid-summer and winter, it is better to hang about 70 centimeters from the surface of the water. In winter, aquaculture waters do not need to be fertilized. In spring and autumn, inorganic and organic fertilizers should be applied to fertilize the water quality, promote the growth of plankton, and provide rich food for earthworms. In summer, the temperature should be high and inorganic fertilizers should be applied.
Seven, how to harvest pearls?
Answer: The breeding of pearls and oysters can be harvested within 2 to 3 years. The beads can be used when the water temperature is below 20°C, because the pearls are fine and shiny. When using beads, use a knife to cut the shell muscles before and after, use your fingers to put pearls on the mantle, gently wash in clean water, then use velvet to dry the water, use a white silk cloth to light, and then you can classify and sell the meat. You can eat fresh or dried scallops. The outer shell of the shell can be used as shell powder for livestock and poultry, the inner layer can be used as pearl powder, pearl powder is an important raw material for cosmetics, medicines and food.
Absorbent is also called absorbent. This substance can make the active ingredient adhere to the surface of its particles, and make the liquid trace compound additive become a solid compound, which is beneficial to the uniform mixing. It is a solid substance which can adsorb some of its components effectively from gas or liquid. It has large specific surface area, suitable pore structure and surface structure, strong adsorption capacity for adsorbate, generally does not react with adsorbate and medium, is easy to manufacture and regenerate, and has excellent adsorption and mechanical properties. Adsorbents are generally used in industrial production, so adsorbents can be divided into six categories according to the common industrial use.
1. silica gel, it is mainly used for drying, gas mixture and separation of petroleum components.
2. alumina, it is also a dehydrating adsorbent.
3. activated carbon is mainly used for water treatment, decolorization and gas treatment.
4. polyacrylamide is mainly used for domestic sewage and organic wastewater.
5. zeolite molecular sieve for gas adsorption separation, gas and liquid drying;
6. carbon molecular sieves mainly act as transport channels, while micropores play the role of molecular sieves.
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