Agriculture is the basic industry of the national economy. Safeguarding the world's food security and the sustainable development of agriculture are global eternal subjects. In the past 50 years, the continuous improvement of modern agricultural engineering technology and agricultural management and management technologies, which have transformed the world's agricultural technology into large-scale productivity, has enabled the world's grain production to increase substantially. However, the rapid development of world agriculture in the latter half of the 20th century basically relied on the advancement of biological genetic techniques, the expansion of cultivated land and irrigated areas, the substantial increase in the input of physical and chemical products, and the conditions for the input of mechanical power and mineral energy. As a result, problems such as water and soil erosion, deterioration of the ecological environment, and damage to biodiversity have arisen, and precision agriculture has emerged on this basis.
Fine agriculture is based on the development of modern science and technology, especially on the basis of the development of computer and information science and technology. It is a new one that has been triggered by the requirements of modern agriculture to increase production, reduce input, save resources, and protect the environment. The agricultural technology revolution represents the development direction of the information society agriculture. At present, foreign research on precision agriculture is mainly focused on the use of 3S spatial information technology and crop production management decision-making support technology based on the field of precision farming technology for field crop production, that is based on information and advanced technology-based modern farmland "intensive farming" technology. This article briefly discusses the application of 3S technology in precision agriculture.
3S technical significance and development
The 3S technology refers to three kinds of space high-tech systems for earth observation. RS, GPS, and GIS. 3S technology involves electromagnetic wave theory, image processing, image interpretation, computer hardware and software technology, space analysis technology, satellite navigation principle, measurement and other fields. Combining these theories, methods and technologies with agricultural production, it has Strong technicality.
The introduction of 3S technology into agricultural research and practice can effectively manage various agricultural resource information with spatial attributes, analyze and test agricultural management and practice models, facilitate the formulation of decision-making, conduct scientific and policy standard evaluations, and can be effective for multiple periods. The dynamic monitoring and analysis of agricultural resources and production activity changes can be integrated; data collection, spatial analysis and decision-making processes can be integrated into a common information flow to improve agricultural production efficiency and efficiency. The 3S technology is one of the important technical means for conducting sampling surveys on precision agriculture to obtain information on various factors affecting crop growth (such as soil structure, water content, topography, pests, etc.).
1 RS Sensing (Remote Sensing) senses the objective existence of an object from a distance. With modern scientific definitions, it is the use of detection equipment, does not contact with the detection target, records the electromagnetic wave characteristics of the target from a distance, through analysis, reveals the characteristics of the object and its comprehensive detection technology .
The remote sensing technology system consists of sensors, remote sensing platforms, and receiving and processing systems for remote sensing information. The device that receives the reflection or radiation from the target is called a remote sensor, such as a scanner, a radar, a camera, a camera, a radiometer, and the like. The platforms on which remote sensors are installed are called remote sensing platforms, such as aircrafts, artificial satellites, etc.: Before the data obtained by the remote sensors are used, they must also be corrected, enhanced, transformed, filtered, and classified.
Compared with traditional observation techniques, remote sensing has the following characteristics:
1, can be large-scale synchronous observations, such as a United States Landsat image coverage area of ​​34225km2 (185km185km), 5-6 minutes to complete the scan, and a frame of synchronous weather satellites can cover 1/3 of the Earth's surface;
2. Repeated observations can be made within a short period of time. The United States Landsat observes the same area once every 6 days, while the geostationary satellites can observe once every 30 minutes.
3. The electromagnetic wave band used in remote sensing ranges from X-rays to microwaves far beyond the visible light range that can be observed by the human eye. In the microwave range, the sensor is not subject to day and night and weather changes, and all-weather observations are made.
4, the high degree of spatial detail, the resolution of aviation photos can reach centimeters or even millimeters.
RS can provide a variety of information on the crop's ecological environment and crop growth objectively, accurately, and in a timely manner. It is an important source of field data for precision agriculture. Remote sensing technology is mainly applied to the following aspects in precision agriculture:
1. Detection and estimation of crop sown area;
2. Monitor crop growth and estimate crop yields;
3, crop ecological environment monitoring;
4, Disaster Loss Assessment.
With the development of space technology, sensor technology and digital image processing technology, the development trend of RS will focus on the following aspects: Development and launch of practical commercial remote sensing satellites with environmental monitoring and resource management as the main goals; development of high resolution The remote sensing sensor improves the resolution of remote sensing images, increases the usable remote sensing spectral bands, expands the application of remote sensing technologies, and enhances digital image processing technologies and analytical interpretation techniques as well as integration with GIS and GPS.
Fine agriculture is based on the development of modern science and technology, especially on the basis of the development of computer and information science and technology. It is a new one that has been triggered by the requirements of modern agriculture to increase production, reduce input, save resources, and protect the environment. The agricultural technology revolution represents the development direction of the information society agriculture. At present, foreign research on precision agriculture is mainly focused on the use of 3S spatial information technology and crop production management decision-making support technology based on the field of precision farming technology for field crop production, that is based on information and advanced technology-based modern farmland "intensive farming" technology. This article briefly discusses the application of 3S technology in precision agriculture.
3S technical significance and development
The 3S technology refers to three kinds of space high-tech systems for earth observation. RS, GPS, and GIS. 3S technology involves electromagnetic wave theory, image processing, image interpretation, computer hardware and software technology, space analysis technology, satellite navigation principle, measurement and other fields. Combining these theories, methods and technologies with agricultural production, it has Strong technicality.
The introduction of 3S technology into agricultural research and practice can effectively manage various agricultural resource information with spatial attributes, analyze and test agricultural management and practice models, facilitate the formulation of decision-making, conduct scientific and policy standard evaluations, and can be effective for multiple periods. The dynamic monitoring and analysis of agricultural resources and production activity changes can be integrated; data collection, spatial analysis and decision-making processes can be integrated into a common information flow to improve agricultural production efficiency and efficiency. The 3S technology is one of the important technical means for conducting sampling surveys on precision agriculture to obtain information on various factors affecting crop growth (such as soil structure, water content, topography, pests, etc.).
1 RS Sensing (Remote Sensing) senses the objective existence of an object from a distance. With modern scientific definitions, it is the use of detection equipment, does not contact with the detection target, records the electromagnetic wave characteristics of the target from a distance, through analysis, reveals the characteristics of the object and its comprehensive detection technology .
The remote sensing technology system consists of sensors, remote sensing platforms, and receiving and processing systems for remote sensing information. The device that receives the reflection or radiation from the target is called a remote sensor, such as a scanner, a radar, a camera, a camera, a radiometer, and the like. The platforms on which remote sensors are installed are called remote sensing platforms, such as aircrafts, artificial satellites, etc.: Before the data obtained by the remote sensors are used, they must also be corrected, enhanced, transformed, filtered, and classified.
Compared with traditional observation techniques, remote sensing has the following characteristics:
1, can be large-scale synchronous observations, such as a United States Landsat image coverage area of ​​34225km2 (185km185km), 5-6 minutes to complete the scan, and a frame of synchronous weather satellites can cover 1/3 of the Earth's surface;
2. Repeated observations can be made within a short period of time. The United States Landsat observes the same area once every 6 days, while the geostationary satellites can observe once every 30 minutes.
3. The electromagnetic wave band used in remote sensing ranges from X-rays to microwaves far beyond the visible light range that can be observed by the human eye. In the microwave range, the sensor is not subject to day and night and weather changes, and all-weather observations are made.
4, the high degree of spatial detail, the resolution of aviation photos can reach centimeters or even millimeters.
RS can provide a variety of information on the crop's ecological environment and crop growth objectively, accurately, and in a timely manner. It is an important source of field data for precision agriculture. Remote sensing technology is mainly applied to the following aspects in precision agriculture:
1. Detection and estimation of crop sown area;
2. Monitor crop growth and estimate crop yields;
3, crop ecological environment monitoring;
4, Disaster Loss Assessment.
With the development of space technology, sensor technology and digital image processing technology, the development trend of RS will focus on the following aspects: Development and launch of practical commercial remote sensing satellites with environmental monitoring and resource management as the main goals; development of high resolution The remote sensing sensor improves the resolution of remote sensing images, increases the usable remote sensing spectral bands, expands the application of remote sensing technologies, and enhances digital image processing technologies and analytical interpretation techniques as well as integration with GIS and GPS.
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