Even if eggs are freshly laid from the chicken, their shells can still be contaminated with bacteria. Once they fall onto the litter or the ground, they become highly susceptible to bacterial contamination. These bacteria can easily multiply on the shell surface, and if not properly disinfected, harmful microorganisms such as molds can penetrate the egg, leading to reduced hatching success and even disease transmission to the chicks. This is especially dangerous for young chickens, as it can lead to conditions like white feathers. Therefore, proper egg disinfection is essential to ensure healthy hatchlings.
There are several effective methods for disinfecting eggs, and here are some of the most commonly used techniques:
1. **Fresh and Extinguished (Individualized) Disinfection Method**: This method uses a yellowish, jelly-like liquid that dissolves in water and forms an alkaline solution. It creates a lot of foam when shaken and has properties similar to soap, iodine, potassium permanganate, mercury, and alkalis. It effectively removes dirt, coagulates proteins, and disrupts bacterial metabolism. To use this, prepare a 5% solution and dilute it 1000 times with water before spraying it onto the egg surfaces.
2. **Chlorine Disinfection**: Soak the eggs in a bleach solution containing 1.5% active chlorine for 3 minutes. Afterward, drain the eggs and place them on a clean tray. Ensure this process is done in a well-ventilated area.
3. **Iodine Disinfection**: Immerse the eggs in a 1/1000 iodine solution for 30 to 60 seconds. To prepare the solution, dissolve 10g of iodine tablets and a small amount of potassium iodide in 1000ml of water, then add it to 9000ml of water to make a 1/1000 solution. If reused, extend the soaking time to 90 seconds or add more iodine to maintain effectiveness.
4. **Potassium Permanganate Disinfection**: Potassium permanganate is a dark purple crystalline substance that dissolves easily in water. For disinfection, soak the eggs in a 1/5000 solution of potassium permanganate for one minute.
5. **Formalin (Formaldehyde) Fumigation**: Formalin is a colorless, volatile liquid containing 40% formaldehyde. It is highly effective against bacteria, spores, and viruses but must be used carefully due to its strong odor and irritant properties. Mix 5g of potassium permanganate with 30ml of formalin per cubic meter. Place the eggs in an incubator, close the lid, and let the fumes work for 30 minutes. Afterward, remove the chemicals and ventilate the area. This method is ideal for disinfecting both the eggs and the incubator simultaneously.
6. **Oxytetracycline Disinfection**: After the eggs have been incubated for 6–8 hours at 37.8°C, soak them in a 0.005% oxytetracycline hydrochloride solution for 15 minutes. The solution should be kept at 4°C, and ice can be used to cool it if necessary. After soaking, place the eggs in the hatchery for 1–2 minutes before returning them to the incubator. This method is particularly effective against mycoplasma.
Proper egg disinfection plays a critical role in maintaining hygiene and improving hatch rates. Choosing the right method based on available resources and equipment ensures better results and healthier chicks.
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