The quality inspection method for land preparation operations involves a systematic approach to ensure that each stage of the process meets specified standards. This includes checking the depth and consistency of tillage, the uniformity of soil loosening, the accuracy of seeding and fertilization, and the effectiveness of ridge formation and film covering.
For the **plough flat plow operation (with a twister)**, the inspection covers several key aspects. First, the depth of cultivation is measured by selecting 10 random points across different diagonals in the field. At each point, three measurements are taken along the trench walls, with 1–2 cm subtracted to determine the actual depth. After the operation, five points are selected along the diagonal, and three measurements are taken vertically using a wooden ruler as a benchmark. A steel ruler is inserted into the soil to measure the depth, and adjustments are made based on weather conditions—10% less if no rain occurred, and 20% less if there was significant rainfall.
Consistency of tillage depth is also checked. For areas under 20 hectares, 4–5 points are measured, while larger areas require more points. The percentage of inconsistent depths is calculated, and if the deviation is ≤5%, it is considered acceptable.
Turning and coverage are evaluated by randomly selecting two passes during or after the operation. The area covered is measured, and the return rate is calculated using the formula:
**F = (S / A) × 100%**, where **F** is the return rate, **S** is the covered area, and **A** is the total measurement area. Visual assessment is used for coverage, and a coverage rate of over 90% is considered acceptable.
Ground leveling is done by selecting three points within the plot. A straight line is drawn perpendicular to the cultivated area, and vertical distances are measured every meter to determine the difference between the highest and lowest points.
Ridge opening and closing are inspected by taking three points per 20 hectares. A straight ruler is placed vertically on the ridge to measure its width and depth. For closed ridges, a cross-section is cut, and the height is measured to calculate an average value.
For **deep loosening operations**, the inspection focuses on the depth and width of the loosened grooves. Three to five points are selected along the diagonal, and three measurements are taken at each point. The depth error is compared to the planned depth. Row spacing is also checked by measuring the distance between ridges and ensuring the depth of each groove is consistent.
Soil stratification is assessed to ensure that the first and second layers of soil are properly loosened.
In **hoeing and rotary plowing operations**, the depth is measured by selecting 3–5 points along the diagonal. During the operation, the distance from the ground to the center of the blade is measured, and after the operation, soil is removed to check the depth using the ground as a reference.
Soil crushing is evaluated by measuring the size of soil clods at 3 points across the field. Ground leveling follows the same procedure as described earlier.
For **ridging operations**, straightness is checked by measuring the deviation of the ridge from a baseline at 3–5 points. Pitch error is calculated by measuring the distance between ridges and comparing it to the standard. Ridge height is determined by measuring from the baseline to the bottom of the furrow.
In **soil compression operations**, bulk density is measured at 3 points to assess compaction. Heavy pressure leakage is visually checked, and any cracks found after sowing indicate an unqualified result.
For **seeding and deep fertilization operations**, straightness is measured by selecting two points and checking the deviation of the seed lines. Spacing errors are calculated by measuring the distance between rows. Seed and fertilizer accuracy is verified using various methods, including quantitative checks, seed particle sampling, and parcel verification.
Sowing depth is measured by scraping the soil at 3–5 points and determining the average depth. Plant spacing is checked for gaps exceeding specified limits.
Finally, for **plastic film covering operations**, the width of the exposed surface is measured, and the percentage of the required width is calculated. Mechanical damage is assessed by measuring the length of damaged areas relative to the total working width. Film thickness and coverage are also checked at selected points.
Overall, these inspection methods ensure that all agricultural operations meet the required standards, promoting efficient and effective farming practices.
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