Litchi cultivation is often affected by various pests and diseases, especially during the fruiting stage. The primary diseases include Phytophthora capsici and anthracnose, while common insect pests are litchi stink bugs, elephant caterpillars, locusts, cockroaches, small gray butterflies, and fruit-sucking moths. These pests typically cause damage during the early fruit development and ripening periods. Therefore, it's essential to implement effective prevention and control strategies to ensure healthy litchi production.
During the young fruit stage, attention should be focused on controlling litchi stink bugs, elephant caterpillars, Phytophthora capsici, and other pests like fruit worms. Stink bugs feed on young fruits, causing them to drop or become damaged. Similarly, fruit worms can destroy the seeds, leading to premature fruit fall. Proper management at this stage is crucial for a successful harvest.
To manage these issues, several control methods can be used:
First, chemical control is widely applied. During the young fruit period, around mid to late April, you can use 10% trichlorfon diluted at 1:800, or 48% chlorpyrifos at 1:1000, and 64% mancozeb at 1:600. In severe cases, adding 40% dicofol at 1:1000 can help. It's also recommended to combine these sprays with a fruit protection agent like Gutri Ling or Litchi Paulownia, which helps protect the fruit and reduce the need for excessive insecticides.
Second, biological control involves using natural predators to manage pest populations. For example, flat-bellied wasps can be introduced to control litchi stink bugs. Each tree can have around 150 adult wasps, and 600 parasitic wasps per tree can be released. If the pest population is high, it may be necessary to combine chemical and biological methods—spray first, then release wasps every few days.
In the later stages of fruit development, special attention must be given to Phytophthora capsici and locust worms, especially when the fruits begin to change color. Spraying with 600 times diluted thiram-MnZn or Kocide 800 times is effective against Phytophthora. For locusts, spraying should start when adult emergence reaches 40%, and repeated applications every 5–7 days are recommended. Early maturing varieties are usually targeted from late April to early May, mid-season in mid to late May, and late varieties in early June, which are critical times for locust control.
Commonly used pesticides for litchi include:
- 90% Trichlorfon (1:800) – for litchi stink bugs
- 40% Chlorpyrifos (1:1000) – for locusts, moths
- 25% Quinalphos (1:800–1000) – for locusts, tip moths
- 25% Fenitrothion (1:500–600) – for aphids, tip moths
- 10% Dicofol (1:800) – for mites
- 64% Mancozeb (1:500–800) – for aphids
- 90% Phosphoramide (1:400) – for Phytophthora blight
- 30% Copper Oxychloride (1:500–600) – for Phytophthora and anthracnose
By combining proper monitoring, timely application, and integrated pest management, litchi growers can significantly reduce losses and ensure high-quality fruit production.
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