Even if eggs are freshly laid from the hen, they can still carry harmful bacteria on their shells. Once they fall onto the litter or the ground, contamination becomes more likely, allowing bacteria to multiply on the eggshell. If not properly disinfected, these microorganisms—especially molds—can penetrate the egg and affect hatching success, potentially spreading diseases to the chicks. This is particularly dangerous for chickens, as it may lead to conditions like white feather disease. Therefore, disinfecting eggs is a crucial step in maintaining healthy hatchlings.
There are several effective methods for disinfecting eggs, and here are some of the most commonly used techniques:
1. **Fresh and Extinguished (Individualized) Disinfection**: This method uses a yellowish jelly-like liquid that dissolves in water and forms an alkaline solution. It creates a lot of foam when shaken and has properties similar to soap, iodine, potassium permanganate, mercury, and alkalis. It effectively removes dirt, kills bacteria by coagulating proteins, and disrupts bacterial metabolism. To use, prepare a 5% solution and dilute it 1000 times with water. Spray the solution onto the egg surface using a sprayer.
2. **Chlorine Disinfection**: Soak the eggs in a bleach solution containing 1.5% active chlorine for 3 minutes. Afterward, drain them and place them on a clean tray. This process should be done in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes.
3. **Iodine Disinfection**: Immerse the eggs in a 1/1000 iodine solution for 30 to 60 seconds. To prepare the solution, dissolve 10g of iodine tablets and a small amount of potassium iodide in 1000ml of water, then dilute to 10,000ml. After soaking the eggs 10 times, the iodine concentration decreases. If reusing the solution, extend the soaking time to 90 seconds or add fresh iodine to maintain effectiveness.
4. **Potassium Permanganate Disinfection**: Potassium permanganate is a dark purple crystalline substance that dissolves easily in water. For disinfection, soak the eggs in a 1/5000 solution for one minute. This method is effective against a wide range of pathogens.
5. **Formalin (Formaldehyde) Fumigation**: Formalin is a clear, volatile liquid containing 40% formaldehyde. It has strong bactericidal properties and can kill bacteria, spores, and viruses. However, it is irritating to skin and mucous membranes. To disinfect eggs and the incubator simultaneously, mix 5g of potassium permanganate with 30ml of formalin per cubic meter. Place the eggs in the incubator, close the lid, and let the mixture fumigate for 30 minutes. Afterward, ventilate the area thoroughly. The best results occur at 25–27°C and 75–80% humidity. This method is widely used due to its simplicity and effectiveness against viruses and mycoplasma.
6. **Oxytetracycline Disinfection**: After incubation begins, when the temperature reaches 37.8°C and 6–8 hours have passed, remove the eggs and soak them in a 0.005% oxytetracycline hydrochloride solution for 1–2 minutes. If the temperature difference is too high, pre-soak the eggs for 15 minutes in a 4°C solution. This method is especially effective against mycoplasma and helps prevent infections during the early stages of development.
Proper egg disinfection not only improves hatching rates but also ensures healthier chicks, reducing the risk of disease outbreaks in the flock. Choosing the right method depends on availability, cost, and the specific needs of the hatchery. Always follow safety precautions when handling chemicals to protect both workers and the environment.
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