Tulips thrive in soils rich in humus, well-drained sand, or sandy loam. To ensure optimal growth, select high-lying plots with good drainage. According to traditional practices, for every 100 square meters of land, apply 125 kg of fully decomposed manure or 225 kg of cake fertilizer as a base fertilizer. The first year, dig the soil to a depth of 20 cm and level it properly. Once the temperature stabilizes above 14°C for at least three consecutive days, choose a sunny day to disinfect the soil by applying 100% of a 40% formalin solution at a depth of at least 10 cm. Cover the area with plastic film for more than seven days. Remove the film the day before planting.
The soil should be fine, with a slightly higher center and lower edges to facilitate proper drainage. For preparation, use a 1000-fold solution of thiophanate-methyl to disinfect bulbs. When doing so, make sure:
1) Disinfectant is only used for up to half a day.
2) Bulbs must be fully submerged.
3) Soak for 20 minutes.
4) Drain the bulbs before planting.
5) Plant sterilized bulbs on the same day.
Planting bulbs: In China, tulip bulbs are commonly used for ornamental displays or garden landscapes. A typical planting density is 36 bulbs per square meter. Early-flowering varieties can be planted more densely, while cut-flower production may require over 100 bulbs per square meter. Plant bulbs 4–5 cm deep from the soil surface. If conditions are favorable, roots usually develop within about two weeks.
Watering: After planting, if the soil is dry, water to help the roots establish. Avoid waterlogging, especially during rainy periods.
Fertilization and disease prevention: Once temperatures rise in February, spray chlorothalonil or thiophanate at 800 times dilution to prevent diseases. Apply a top dressing of compound fertilizer. During leaf development until flowering, spray again with chlorothalonil or Topozin at 800 times dilution, and consider applying a second dose of compound fertilizer depending on plant growth.
Potted plants: Use high-humus, well-drained soil or peat-based mix for potting. Ensure the soil is sterilized before planting. Plant bulbs when the temperature is stable below 12°C, covering them with 1–2 cm of soil. Water thoroughly and place in shade until roots develop. Then move to a greenhouse. For outdoor cultivation, ensure proper drainage in pots.
For 5°C bulb cultivation, strict care is required. Upon receiving the bulbs, follow the provided instructions carefully. If unsure, contact technical support immediately.
Before planting, gently remove the brown outer layer without damaging the bulb’s primordium. If the bulb has been peeled at 5°C, plant it shallowly to encourage root growth and reduce greenhouse time. Do not force the bulb into the soil. After planting, cover with a layer of coarse peat to protect the soil structure. Water immediately after planting to prevent drying. For peeled bulbs, expose the bulb's tip; for unpeeled ones, plant 2–4 cm deep.
Maintain low soil temperatures (9°C or lower) for two weeks post-planting to promote strong root development. If greenhouse temperatures exceed 17°C, delay planting by 1–2 weeks. Cool the soil before and after planting with cold water, then cover with straw to block sunlight and improve ventilation.
Tulip roots are very sensitive. Avoid transplanting or moving pots that could damage the roots. Any root injury will affect flowering. Misconceptions about blind buds often arise from poor rooting or low temperatures, but healthy roots are key to success.
After 2–3 weeks of low-temperature rooting, adjust the soil temperature to 13–16°C and greenhouse temperature to 15–18°C. This supports normal growth. Too low or too high temperatures can delay flowering or reduce quality.
Keep greenhouse humidity below 80%. High humidity inhibits transpiration and increases the risk of Botrytis infection. Use ventilation to maintain proper air circulation.
Water appropriately to maintain ideal soil moisture. Water before planting to cool the soil. Plant in slightly moist soil and water after planting to aid root establishment. Avoid overwatering, especially near flowering. Water in the morning and ventilate afterward to reduce humidity between plants.
Pest control: Monitor plants for gray mold, rot, and Botrytis when they reach 5–10 cm in height. Remove any infected plants immediately. Sprinkle carbofuran before and after planting to prevent pests. Spray quick-acting fungicides or chlorothalonil at 800 times dilution before bud formation.
Fertilization: Generally, no additional fertilizer is needed. If growth is weak, apply nitrogen fertilizer. After bulbs are well developed, apply 2 kg of calcium nitrate per 100 square meters, spread in three applications.
Cut flower production: For box planting, prepare a cool, well-ventilated space (around 9°C). Clean the roots, remove any gas-emitting objects, and use sterilized soil. After disinfection, plant bulbs in containers and move to the rooting area. After 3–4 weeks, transfer to the greenhouse. Avoid disturbing the roots during movement.
Under general conditions, strictly follow the previous steps to provide the best environment for tulips. Harvest after dew formation, collect in the morning or evening, bundle 10 stems, pre-cool, and sell.
Potted flower cultivation: The method for 5°C bulbs is similar to natural bulbs. Peeling before planting and exposing the tip reduces rooting time. Allow 2 weeks or more of rooting at 9°C or above. Avoid moving or repotting before flowering to prevent root damage. You can plant one bulb per pot or multiple bulbs in larger pots.
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