In high summer, when temperatures rise and the weather becomes dry, proper maintenance of biogas digesters is crucial to prevent issues and extend the lifespan of the system. To ensure optimal performance, attention must be given to several key maintenance practices:
One important consideration is avoiding emptying the digester for extended periods. In some regions, large amounts of residue are removed before being used as fertilizer for late rice. If feeding is not done in time, the digester may become empty and exposed to high temperatures, which can damage the structure. Therefore, it’s best to avoid large refueling during hot and dry seasons. If necessary, new raw materials should be prepared beforehand to minimize downtime. If there isn’t enough material available, the digester should not be emptied at all. Instead, it should be sealed properly to protect it from sun exposure. Refueling is most effective during spring or fall. In the first half of the year, except between April and May, southern areas can prepare materials. In the second half, materials should be ready by September, with feeding done in October. It's best to feed in the afternoon and complete the process on the same day, ensuring the pool is sealed quickly to reduce exposure.
Moisture retention is another critical factor. Many rural biogas digesters are built using cement, a porous material that can expand in high heat, leading to leaks. Long-term maintenance is essential to prevent cracks or even structural failure. Some regions cover the top of the digester with 25–30 cm of soil and plant crops to help retain moisture and increase durability. During summer, applying a layer of triadic soil (lime, yellow mud, and sand), followed by tar, coarse sand, or coal ash, can further reduce evaporation. Alternatively, placing a plastic film on top can also help retain moisture and protect the structure.
Regular maintenance is also necessary to ensure the longevity of the digester. After years of use, the masonry walls or cement coatings may deteriorate, causing leaks. At this stage, cleaning the walls and applying sealing materials like cement slurry can improve the integrity. However, safety precautions must be taken—open the movable cover, remove the gas pipe, and ensure proper ventilation. Staff working inside the digester should be secured with safety ropes, and external supervision is required at all times.
In addition to biogas maintenance, agricultural practices such as corn mulching play an important role in crop management. Corn cultivation using plastic film can start 10–15 days earlier than open-field methods. Choose plump, non-diseased seeds, and plant two to three per hole with spacing of 50–60 cm between rows and 25–30 cm between plants. After sowing, apply herbicides like butachlor and cover the field with plastic film, securing it with fine soil to promote warmth, conserve nutrients, and suppress weeds.
Field management is equally important. Once seedlings emerge, make small holes in the plastic film to allow them to grow through, then cover the openings with soil. Regular checks should be conducted to fill in any gaps, using pre-grown seedlings to maintain uniform growth. Timely thinning is necessary—during the 3-leaf stage, leave two seedlings per hole, and by the 5-leaf stage, thin to one per hole to ensure strong development.
Top dressing is essential for nutrient supply. Focus on applying panicle fertilizer between the rows and covering it with soil after application. During silking, ear fertilization is recommended, preferably using foliar sprays. A 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves 2–3 times for added benefits.
Water management is crucial, especially during droughts. Irrigation should be done after compacting the soil, while drainage ditches must be cleared during rainy periods to prevent waterlogging. Corn requires 70–80% field capacity during tasseling and flowering to achieve high yields.
Pest control is also vital. Focus on managing corn borers, aphids, and leaf spot diseases. For corn borers, mix 3% Mi Leer with soil and sprinkle it into the heart of the leaves. For aphids, spray 40% dimethoate at 1000 times dilution. For leaf spot and blight, use 90% mancozeb at 1000 times dilution. Avoid using long-residual pesticides like Bataan and Dimethoate after tasseling to ensure food safety.
Finally, timely harvesting and film recovery are important. Sweet corn should be harvested 20–25 days after pollination, while normal corn is ready when the cob turns white and the kernels harden. After harvest, remove the remaining plastic film promptly to minimize environmental impact and protect future crops.
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