Plant-based pesticides are natural alternatives to chemical insecticides, derived from various plant sources. These eco-friendly solutions are widely used in the production of pesticide-free agricultural products, offering a safer and more sustainable option for pest management.
One such example is **Cnidium**, which contains **osthol**, an active compound extracted from the mature fruits of *Cnidium monnieri*, a member of the Umbelliferae family. The formulation is a 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate (EC). It primarily acts through contact toxicity, with some stomach poisoning effects. It is highly effective against pests like cruciferous vegetable caterpillars, cabbage worms, and tea tree pests. For cruciferous vegetables, apply 80–120 ml of 0.4% EC per 667 square meters, diluted in 50–75 kg of water. Similarly, for tea tree pests, use 100–120 ml of the same concentration. The treatment remains effective for about seven days, and it is safe for crops.
Another plant-based insecticide is **Celangulin**, derived from the root bark and seeds of *Euonymus* shrubs. Its formulation is a 1% EC. This product has strong stomach toxicity, antifeedant, repellent, and contact action properties, making it particularly effective against the *Pieris* species on cruciferous vegetables. Apply 50–70 ml of 1% EC per 667 square meters, diluted in 60–75 kg of water. It acts quickly, achieving over 90% control within one day, and remains effective for more than seven days. It is also safe for plants.
**Sodium Sanguinarine** is another key ingredient, extracted from the Papaveraceae family, specifically from total alkaloids. It is available as a 1% wettable powder (WP) or 5% bolus alkaloid formulation. This pesticide effectively controls pests such as cruciferous vegetable caterpillars, bean aphids, apple aphids, two-spotted spider mites, and pear hibiscus. For cruciferous vegetables and cabbage caterpillars, use 30–50 grams of 1% WP per 667 square meters. For young *Pieris* larvae, spraying is most effective. For apple aphids and spider mites, dilute the WP at 1500–2500 times and spray evenly during nymph stages. The effect improves significantly after three days, lasting up to seven days, with no harm to crops.
Lastly, **Cineole** is a primary component of eucalyptus oil, available as a 5% solution. It is especially effective against pests on cruciferous vegetables. Apply 70–100 ml of the 5% solution per 667 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water. It provides protection for about seven days and is safe for crops.
These natural plant-based pesticides offer a promising alternative to synthetic chemicals, helping farmers reduce environmental impact while maintaining crop health and productivity.
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