Plant-based pesticides are natural alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides, derived from various plant sources. These eco-friendly formulations are widely used in the production of pesticide-free agricultural products, offering a safer option for both the environment and human health.
One such plant-derived pesticide is **Cnidium**, which contains **osthol**, an active compound extracted from the mature fruits of *Cnidium monnieri*, a member of the Umbelliferae family. The formulation is available as a 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Osthol works primarily through contact toxicity and has some stomach poisoning effects. It is highly effective against pests like the cabbage worm on cruciferous vegetables, the cabbage caterpillar, and tea tree pests. For preventive use on cruciferous vegetables, apply 80–120 ml of 0.4% EC per 667 square meters, diluted with 50–75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. Similarly, for tea tree pests, use 100–120 ml of the same concentration. The treatment remains effective for about seven days and is safe for crops.
Another plant-based insecticide is **Celangulin**, extracted from the root bark and seeds of the *Euonymus* shrub. It is formulated as a 1% emulsifiable concentrate. Celangulin acts as a strong stomach poison, antifeedant, repellent, and contact killer, making it particularly effective against the *Pieris* species on cruciferous vegetables. The recommended dose is 50–70 ml of 1% EC per 667 square meters, mixed with 60–75 kg of water. It provides rapid results, with over 90% control within one day, and remains effective for more than seven days. This product is also considered safe for crop plants.
**Sodium sanguinarine**, another plant-based active ingredient, is found in the extracts of *Papaveraceae* plants and is part of the total alkaloid compounds. It is available as a 1% wettable powder (WP), with a 5% bolus alkaloid version also available. This formulation shows moderate efficacy against pests such as the cabbage caterpillar, bean aphid, apple aphid, two-spotted spider mite, and pear hibiscus. For cruciferous vegetables and cabbage caterpillars, apply 30–50 grams of 1% WP per 667 square meters. Spraying during the early larval stage of *Pieris caerulea* yields the best results. For aphids and mites, dilute the powder at a ratio of 1:1500–1:2500 and spray evenly on the affected areas. While the effect is not immediate, it significantly improves after three days, with a residual effectiveness of around seven days. It is generally safe for crops.
Lastly, **Cineole** is a key component of eucalyptus oil, commonly used as a 5% solution. It is effective against pests affecting cruciferous vegetables. Apply 70–100 ml of the 5% solution per 667 square meters, diluted with 75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. The treatment remains effective for approximately seven days, and it is considered safe for crops.
These plant-based pesticides offer sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions to pest management, supporting the shift toward organic and low-impact farming practices.
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