First, choose healthy and disease-free meat ducklings
Duckling breeds must be excellent and the body is healthy. The appearance of healthy ducklings is thick, shiny, and no sticky hair; lively and lively, loud and loud, abdomen is soft and flat, and the yolk absorbs well; holding ducklings in the hand, struggling with strength; even weight, in line with the requirements of varieties.
Second, the preparation work before brooding should be sufficient
It is necessary to calculate the area of ​​brooding sheds and grazing sheds based on the number of ducklings purchased. We must prepare brooding equipment and thoroughly disinfect the brooding sheds. We must prepare enough rations, vaccines, and medicines according to the brooding plan.
Third, choose a suitable brooding method
1. Ground brooding. This is the most traditional way of brooding. The floor of the brooding house is covered with clean, dry and soft bedding such as sawdust, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, etc., and the ducklings are directly raised on it.
2. Online brooding. The ducklings are kept on a flexible web. The advantage is that they have good hygienic conditions. The ducklings do not come in contact with the faeces. There is less chance of infection and the survival rate is high. It also saves litter and saves labor.
Fourth, provide suitable brooding conditions
1. Temperature. The function of the ducklings to regulate body temperature is poor, and the ability to keep cold is weak. The ducklings should be provided with suitable ambient temperature. Suitable temperature for ducklings is: 1 to 3 days of age, 30 to 28°C, 4 to 7 days of age, 28 to 26°C, 8 to 11 days of age, 26 to 24°C, and 12 to 16 days of age, 24 to 22°C. 17 to 21 days of age is 22 to 18°C, and 22 to 25 days of age is 18 to 15°C.
2. Humidity. Although the duck is a water bird, the environmental humidity cannot be too great. If the ducklings lie on the cold and wet ground for a long time, it will not only affect the digestion and absorption of the feed, but also cause rotting. The first week of humidity is kept above 60% to facilitate the absorption of yolk. If the humidity is too low at this time, ducklings are prone to mild dehydration, affecting health and growth. After the second week, the humidity is lower, when the humidity is too high, molds and other pathogenic microorganisms multiply, ducklings are susceptible to disease.
3. Light. From 1 to 3 days of age, the daily illumination was 23 hours and 1 hour of darkness, and from 4 days of age, the supplemental illumination time at night was gradually shortened, and natural lighting was used until the end of the 4 weeks old brooding.
4. Ventilation. Ducklings within 4 days of age have less respiration, less excretion, and less polluted gas, plus the need to maintain higher temperatures without ventilation. With the increase of age, especially when the room temperature is high and the humidity is high, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide increase, and the amount of ventilation should be gradually increased, but it is necessary to prevent thieves from invading.
5. Breeding density. The breeding density of ducklings should be appropriate, the density is too large, indoor harmful gas increases, affecting the health of ducklings, and it is easy to induce diseases; the density is too small, the utilization rate of duck houses is low, and the cost of raising is high. Generally, when the ground is raised flat, within 24 days of age, 40/m 2,7 to 28 days of age, 20/m2; in the case of online raising, 40~60/m2 at 7 days of age, and 7 to 28 days of age 30. ~40/m2.
Fifth, do a good job in the daily management of the brooding period
1. Do a good job of insulation. Whether the temperature of the brooding room is appropriate can be judged by observing the activity of the ducklings. Such as ducklings evenly spread, indicating that the temperature is suitable; such as ducklings shrinking neck and shrug, crowded at the heat source, then the temperature is too low; such as ducklings away from heat, open mouth gasping, open wings, increased water consumption, then explain The temperature is too high.
2. Timely grouping to prevent getting together. When brooding, they should be divided into small groups according to size, strength, etc., each group of 300 to 500, in order to facilitate feeding and management. Afterwards, ducks are adjusted once every other week. To prevent ducklings from co-extruding, it is particularly important that they are within 10 days of age. Little care is taken if the ducklings are wet, and if they are heavy, they are suffocated. If there is a get-together, it must be separated in time, and the separation and the insulation work can be combined.
3. Feeding times. Within 10 days of age, 4 times during the day and 1 or 2 times at night; 3 times during the day from 11 to 20 days and 1 or 2 times at night; 3 times during the day after 20 days and 1 at night.
4. Release water in a timely manner. Ducklings like water, love to move, good and clean, generally grazing after 5 days of age, and let them swim.
5. Cleanliness. Remove the dung from the house every day, diligently diligently change the ground and bedding, and strictly prohibit the feeding of spoilage animal feed to maintain the surrounding environment. At the same time, we must strictly guard against animal and rat damage.
VI. Strengthening feeding and management during the transition period of fattening
1. Take off the temperature and transfer to the group. Open the doors and windows 3 to 5 days before the transfer, so that the ducklings gradually adapt to the outside temperature, and if the outside temperature is low or the temperature changes irregularly, the temperature should be postponed. It is advisable to add a variety of vitamins or electrolytes to the feed from the day before the group is switched to prevent the effects of stress during the group migration until the ducks have normal feed intake after the group has been transferred. Transit must be done on an empty stomach.
2. Timely grouping. When the temperature is transferred to the colony, the animals should be reared in groups of different sizes and sizes, and the number of each group should be controlled within 200-250 individuals. For ducks with poor constitution and lighter weight, they should be supplemented with nutrients separately to make them grow quickly in the later period and ensure the weight requirements at the time of slaughter.
3. Replace the diet. Change the diet for the meat ducks from 4 weeks of age to fattening but pay attention to a transitional period. The diameter of the pellets was increased to 3 to 4 mm and allowed to feed freely.
Seven, choose the appropriate fattening method
1. Graze fattening. This is a more economical method of fattening, that is, when the meat duck is 40 to 50 days old and has a body weight of about 2 kilograms, it starts to feed grains and worms scattered in rice fields and wheat fields. After 10 to 20 days of grazing, weighing more than 2.5 kg can be sold.
2. Feeding for fattening. The fattening duck house requires air circulation and the surroundings are quiet and the light cannot be too strong. Appropriately limit the activities of meat ducks, it is best to feed the full-price pellet feed, feed once enough, let them eat freely, water supply is continuous, so after 10 to 15 days of fattening, can increase 0.25 to 0.5 kg.
3. Manual feeding for fattening. Meat ducks are generally fed on a 40- to 42-day-old, body weight of 1.7 kg or more. Fill feeds are mainly corn, with appropriate addition of 10% to 15% wheat flour. Filling period is generally about 2 weeks, feeding 4 times a day, feeding once every 6 hours, each time the amount of feed (wet weight) is about 8% of the duck weight, after adding 30 to 50 grams each day Wet material, 300 to 500 grams of wet material can be filled each time after 1 week. Feeding methods commonly used in production include manual feeding and machine feeding.
8. Do a good job of preventing diseases
1. Keep in isolation. Ducklings should be kept in isolation and must not be in contact with adult ducks and outsiders. The broiler house should be equipped with a disinfection room and a disinfection pool. Regularly use 100 toxins and bactericides to spray and disinfect ducklings, fattening duck houses, and activities.
2. Vaccination. Common infectious diseases of ducks are duck gizzards, duck viral hepatitis, and fowl cholera. At present, ducks, ducks, embryos, attenuated vaccines, and chicken embryos, attenuated vaccines are commonly used. Ducklings are first exempted from 20 days of age and boosted once after 4 to 5 months. At the beginning of the disease, each muscle was injected with anti-duckling hyperimmune serum 0.5 ml, which has a certain effect. Duck ducks were immunized with a duck virus hepatitis virus (DHV) attenuated vaccine. Ducklings without maternal antibodies were injected subcutaneously with a 20-fold dilution of the DHV-81 vaccine 0.5 ml, and ducklings with maternal antibodies were 7-10 days old. One milliliter of DHV-81 vaccine was injected subcutaneously. When the ducklings were infected, they could be passively immunized with serum from a rehabilitation duck, hyperimmune serum, or high-immune yolk. Each duck was injected subcutaneously with 0.5 to 1 ml.
3. Add drugs. In order to prevent the occurrence of epidemic diseases, oxytetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs can be added to the feed. If using oxytetracycline, add 0.5 to 2 grams per kilogram of feed for 2 to 3 days; or add 0.2 grams of norfloxacin per kilogram of feed and feed for 3 days; you can also add Astragalus, Radix, Codonopsis, and Daqingye and other traditional Chinese medicine preparations to improve its immunity.
Duckling breeds must be excellent and the body is healthy. The appearance of healthy ducklings is thick, shiny, and no sticky hair; lively and lively, loud and loud, abdomen is soft and flat, and the yolk absorbs well; holding ducklings in the hand, struggling with strength; even weight, in line with the requirements of varieties.
Second, the preparation work before brooding should be sufficient
It is necessary to calculate the area of ​​brooding sheds and grazing sheds based on the number of ducklings purchased. We must prepare brooding equipment and thoroughly disinfect the brooding sheds. We must prepare enough rations, vaccines, and medicines according to the brooding plan.
Third, choose a suitable brooding method
1. Ground brooding. This is the most traditional way of brooding. The floor of the brooding house is covered with clean, dry and soft bedding such as sawdust, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, etc., and the ducklings are directly raised on it.
2. Online brooding. The ducklings are kept on a flexible web. The advantage is that they have good hygienic conditions. The ducklings do not come in contact with the faeces. There is less chance of infection and the survival rate is high. It also saves litter and saves labor.
Fourth, provide suitable brooding conditions
1. Temperature. The function of the ducklings to regulate body temperature is poor, and the ability to keep cold is weak. The ducklings should be provided with suitable ambient temperature. Suitable temperature for ducklings is: 1 to 3 days of age, 30 to 28°C, 4 to 7 days of age, 28 to 26°C, 8 to 11 days of age, 26 to 24°C, and 12 to 16 days of age, 24 to 22°C. 17 to 21 days of age is 22 to 18°C, and 22 to 25 days of age is 18 to 15°C.
2. Humidity. Although the duck is a water bird, the environmental humidity cannot be too great. If the ducklings lie on the cold and wet ground for a long time, it will not only affect the digestion and absorption of the feed, but also cause rotting. The first week of humidity is kept above 60% to facilitate the absorption of yolk. If the humidity is too low at this time, ducklings are prone to mild dehydration, affecting health and growth. After the second week, the humidity is lower, when the humidity is too high, molds and other pathogenic microorganisms multiply, ducklings are susceptible to disease.
3. Light. From 1 to 3 days of age, the daily illumination was 23 hours and 1 hour of darkness, and from 4 days of age, the supplemental illumination time at night was gradually shortened, and natural lighting was used until the end of the 4 weeks old brooding.
4. Ventilation. Ducklings within 4 days of age have less respiration, less excretion, and less polluted gas, plus the need to maintain higher temperatures without ventilation. With the increase of age, especially when the room temperature is high and the humidity is high, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide increase, and the amount of ventilation should be gradually increased, but it is necessary to prevent thieves from invading.
5. Breeding density. The breeding density of ducklings should be appropriate, the density is too large, indoor harmful gas increases, affecting the health of ducklings, and it is easy to induce diseases; the density is too small, the utilization rate of duck houses is low, and the cost of raising is high. Generally, when the ground is raised flat, within 24 days of age, 40/m 2,7 to 28 days of age, 20/m2; in the case of online raising, 40~60/m2 at 7 days of age, and 7 to 28 days of age 30. ~40/m2.
Fifth, do a good job in the daily management of the brooding period
1. Do a good job of insulation. Whether the temperature of the brooding room is appropriate can be judged by observing the activity of the ducklings. Such as ducklings evenly spread, indicating that the temperature is suitable; such as ducklings shrinking neck and shrug, crowded at the heat source, then the temperature is too low; such as ducklings away from heat, open mouth gasping, open wings, increased water consumption, then explain The temperature is too high.
2. Timely grouping to prevent getting together. When brooding, they should be divided into small groups according to size, strength, etc., each group of 300 to 500, in order to facilitate feeding and management. Afterwards, ducks are adjusted once every other week. To prevent ducklings from co-extruding, it is particularly important that they are within 10 days of age. Little care is taken if the ducklings are wet, and if they are heavy, they are suffocated. If there is a get-together, it must be separated in time, and the separation and the insulation work can be combined.
3. Feeding times. Within 10 days of age, 4 times during the day and 1 or 2 times at night; 3 times during the day from 11 to 20 days and 1 or 2 times at night; 3 times during the day after 20 days and 1 at night.
4. Release water in a timely manner. Ducklings like water, love to move, good and clean, generally grazing after 5 days of age, and let them swim.
5. Cleanliness. Remove the dung from the house every day, diligently diligently change the ground and bedding, and strictly prohibit the feeding of spoilage animal feed to maintain the surrounding environment. At the same time, we must strictly guard against animal and rat damage.
VI. Strengthening feeding and management during the transition period of fattening
1. Take off the temperature and transfer to the group. Open the doors and windows 3 to 5 days before the transfer, so that the ducklings gradually adapt to the outside temperature, and if the outside temperature is low or the temperature changes irregularly, the temperature should be postponed. It is advisable to add a variety of vitamins or electrolytes to the feed from the day before the group is switched to prevent the effects of stress during the group migration until the ducks have normal feed intake after the group has been transferred. Transit must be done on an empty stomach.
2. Timely grouping. When the temperature is transferred to the colony, the animals should be reared in groups of different sizes and sizes, and the number of each group should be controlled within 200-250 individuals. For ducks with poor constitution and lighter weight, they should be supplemented with nutrients separately to make them grow quickly in the later period and ensure the weight requirements at the time of slaughter.
3. Replace the diet. Change the diet for the meat ducks from 4 weeks of age to fattening but pay attention to a transitional period. The diameter of the pellets was increased to 3 to 4 mm and allowed to feed freely.
Seven, choose the appropriate fattening method
1. Graze fattening. This is a more economical method of fattening, that is, when the meat duck is 40 to 50 days old and has a body weight of about 2 kilograms, it starts to feed grains and worms scattered in rice fields and wheat fields. After 10 to 20 days of grazing, weighing more than 2.5 kg can be sold.
2. Feeding for fattening. The fattening duck house requires air circulation and the surroundings are quiet and the light cannot be too strong. Appropriately limit the activities of meat ducks, it is best to feed the full-price pellet feed, feed once enough, let them eat freely, water supply is continuous, so after 10 to 15 days of fattening, can increase 0.25 to 0.5 kg.
3. Manual feeding for fattening. Meat ducks are generally fed on a 40- to 42-day-old, body weight of 1.7 kg or more. Fill feeds are mainly corn, with appropriate addition of 10% to 15% wheat flour. Filling period is generally about 2 weeks, feeding 4 times a day, feeding once every 6 hours, each time the amount of feed (wet weight) is about 8% of the duck weight, after adding 30 to 50 grams each day Wet material, 300 to 500 grams of wet material can be filled each time after 1 week. Feeding methods commonly used in production include manual feeding and machine feeding.
8. Do a good job of preventing diseases
1. Keep in isolation. Ducklings should be kept in isolation and must not be in contact with adult ducks and outsiders. The broiler house should be equipped with a disinfection room and a disinfection pool. Regularly use 100 toxins and bactericides to spray and disinfect ducklings, fattening duck houses, and activities.
2. Vaccination. Common infectious diseases of ducks are duck gizzards, duck viral hepatitis, and fowl cholera. At present, ducks, ducks, embryos, attenuated vaccines, and chicken embryos, attenuated vaccines are commonly used. Ducklings are first exempted from 20 days of age and boosted once after 4 to 5 months. At the beginning of the disease, each muscle was injected with anti-duckling hyperimmune serum 0.5 ml, which has a certain effect. Duck ducks were immunized with a duck virus hepatitis virus (DHV) attenuated vaccine. Ducklings without maternal antibodies were injected subcutaneously with a 20-fold dilution of the DHV-81 vaccine 0.5 ml, and ducklings with maternal antibodies were 7-10 days old. One milliliter of DHV-81 vaccine was injected subcutaneously. When the ducklings were infected, they could be passively immunized with serum from a rehabilitation duck, hyperimmune serum, or high-immune yolk. Each duck was injected subcutaneously with 0.5 to 1 ml.
3. Add drugs. In order to prevent the occurrence of epidemic diseases, oxytetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and other drugs can be added to the feed. If using oxytetracycline, add 0.5 to 2 grams per kilogram of feed for 2 to 3 days; or add 0.2 grams of norfloxacin per kilogram of feed and feed for 3 days; you can also add Astragalus, Radix, Codonopsis, and Daqingye and other traditional Chinese medicine preparations to improve its immunity.
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