Wheat mulching planter is an efficient dry farming machine that performs multiple tasks in a single pass, including ridging, side deep fertilization, ridge laying, membrane seeding, and soil coverage. It helps in retaining heat, conserving water and fertilizer, and ultimately boosts yield and farm income. The following details are based on film-side drills for your reference.
(1) Operational Quality Requirements
The furrows should be straight, with a deviation of no more than 8 cm over a 50-meter length. The spacing between rows must be uniform, with a maximum deviation of 1 cm within the sowing range. The seeding depth should be consistent, with a tolerance of no more than 0.5 cm from the specified depth. The plastic film should be tightly laid, with a soil covering thickness of 3 to 5 cm. The rate of soil leakage through the film should be less than 5%.
(2) Use and Adjustment
Seed rate adjustment: This can be done by changing the working length of the groove wheel and the gap of the seed tongue. For winter wheat, the typical sowing rate ranges from 5 kg to 7 kg per mu. It's important to note that the actual broadcast amount depends on the static test result of the groove wheel length multiplied by a slip correction factor. Otherwise, the sowing amount may be insufficient.
Seeding depth adjustment: This is achieved by adjusting the hole position on the floating bar’s upper end and the length of the tractor drawbar. The recommended seeding depth is around 4.1 cm.
Row fertilizer amount adjustment: This is controlled by adjusting the working length of the row runner wheel and the gap between the brush and the wheel.
Fertilizer depth adjustment: This is done by changing the position of the score line on the opener handle relative to the frame. The standard fertilization depth is usually between 8 cm and 12 cm.
Ridging height adjustment: By turning the handwheel, the height of the ridging plate can be adjusted to control the depth of the furrow. The typical setting is between 5 cm and 10 cm. At the same time, the angle of the ridging plate should be adjusted to regulate the amount of soil lifted, ensuring proper ridging specifications.
(3) Cover Disk Adjustment
Angle adjustment: When operating in second gear, the rear edge of the cover disk should be about 2.5 cm away from the side of the opener tube. At higher speeds, the spacing increases.
Height adjustment: The bottom edge of the cover disk should be 1 cm higher than the seeding opener.
Loosening shovel position: Loosen the fastening nut, lower the loosening shovel according to the principle of pressing soil with the tractor wheel. The tip of the loosening shovel should be less than 5 cm above the fertilizer opener.
Suspension adjustment: Both tractors should be positioned approximately 10 cm below the planter’s hanging axis before attaching the planter.
(4) Precautions
Choose suitable fields and prepare the soil thoroughly. After mechanical leveling, the land must meet the technical standards of "flat, uniform, loose, broken, net, and solid." Operate at a steady speed in second gear. If the speed is too high, it may affect the quality of the soil covering. Avoid lifting or reversing the machine, as this could damage internal components. Always stop and maintain the equipment when troubleshooting to ensure personal safety. Apply fertilizer at fixed points, considering the plot length, area, working width, and seed box capacity. Perform regular maintenance after each shift—clean debris, tighten parts, and apply lubricant. After every quarter of work, conduct a thorough cleaning and store the machine in a dry, ventilated, and rainproof location.
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