In the last 2-3 years, many pig farms in the Netherlands have started focusing more on increasing sow milk production. Despite adjusting feeding levels, the amount of milk available per piglet remains low due to the rising number of litters per sow each year. As a result, some industry experts advise farmers to consider supplementing suckling piglets to ensure they receive adequate nutrition.
Traditionally, sows were fed less before and after farrowing, often with only a few hundred grams of feed. However, the new feeding strategy encourages sows to eat similar amounts throughout different stages of pregnancy. For sows that are not overly lean, the recommended daily feed is around 2.4 kg during the first 7 weeks of gestation, increasing to 2.8 kg between weeks 8-12, and then up to 3 kg per day for the final four weeks. Overfeeding sows just before farrowing can lead to reduced feed intake after birth, which may cause issues like insufficient milk production.
Because of the lower feed amounts in late pregnancy, it's important to address potential deficiencies in trace elements and vitamins. One effective approach is to provide nutrient-rich feeds in the days leading up to and following birth. This practice has been shown to improve the vitality of newborn piglets, helping them locate teats more quickly and supporting the sow’s recovery post-delivery. Sows often experience constipation during labor, so one day before farrowing, it’s recommended to feed them about 2 kg (or 1% of their body weight) and reduce it to 0.5 kg on the day of delivery, while ensuring access to clean water. Gradual feeding should resume after birth, starting at 2 kg per day and increasing to 4 kg by the end of the first week. By day 10, sows should be receiving around 5.5 kg of feed—ideal for those nursing 9 piglets. Each additional piglet requires an extra 0.4 kg of feed per day.
Modern breeding and management techniques have boosted both the number of sows and their milk output. However, over the past 30 years, average milk production per sow in Western breeds has only increased by about 100 ml, which pales in comparison to the recent rise in litter size—up to 0.6–0.8 more piglets per litter. This means piglets often need supplemental feeding. The timing of supplementation usually starts around day 4 of age, but the amount consumed can vary widely among individuals. This variation is largely influenced by the sow’s lactation pattern. If a sow produces a lot of milk early on, piglets may consume more supplements later, around 3–4 weeks of age. Conversely, if milk production peaks later, piglets may not eat much until that point.
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