Chrysanthemum is not only a beautiful ornamental flower but also a widely used medicinal plant. In recent years, powdery mildew has become a common and serious problem in artificial cultivation. This fungal disease tends to develop under conditions of high humidity, poor ventilation, and significant temperature differences between day and night—often exceeding 10°C. The disease typically appears from late August to October, with the most severe outbreaks occurring between September and October. Once infected, chrysanthemums may show stunted growth, leaf drop, or even failure to bloom, which significantly impacts their ornamental value, beautification effect, and medicinal use. Therefore, timely prevention and treatment are essential.
In the early stages of infection, small yellowish or transparent white spots appear on the leaves. These spots are usually found on the upper surface of the leaves and mainly affect the foliage. However, the petioles, young stems, and new leaves can also be infected. Under favorable temperature and humidity conditions, the lesions quickly expand and merge into large white powdery patches or gray moldy layers. In severe cases, the affected leaves may turn yellow, become chlorotic, and lose their vitality. New shoots may become deformed, stems may bend, flowering may be reduced, and in extreme cases, the plants may die.
To control powdery mildew, several effective measures can be taken. First, during cultivation, it's important to remove dense, yellowing, or diseased foliage to improve air circulation and light penetration. Infected plants should be removed, burned, or buried deeply to prevent the spread of the disease. Second, soil moisture should be carefully managed, and the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased to strengthen the plant’s resistance. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer should be avoided, and watering should be done in a way that keeps the foliage dry. Third, before planting, potting soil, seedbeds, and field soil should be disinfected. A mixture of 50% thiophanate-methyl and 50% thiram in a 1:1 ratio, diluted to 600–700 times, can be sprayed. At the first sign of the disease, a solution of 50% Garnett WP or 75% triclopyrazole at 1000 times concentration can be applied every 10 days for three treatments. During the peak season, spraying with 15% triadimefon emulsion diluted to 1500 times or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 800–1000 times, every 7–10 days, can effectively control the disease, even requiring up to four applications for best results.
Pizza Oven
Pizza ovens, as the name suggests, are primarily used for baking pizzas. It not only ensures that the pizza reaches the ideal degree of doneness in a short time, but also makes the crust of the pizza crisp and keeps the interior soft and moist, thus enhancing the overall taste and quality of the pizza. In addition, the pizza oven also has a variety of functions, such as roast meat, roast chicken wings, roast steak, etc., so it is widely used in pizza shops, bakery shops, burger restaurants, western restaurants and other places.
The working principle of the pizza oven is mainly based on hot air or high temperature heat source to bake the pizza. Depending on the type of pizza oven, it works differently. For example, a traditional pizza cellar oven uses wood or coal as a heat source to bake the pizza over a high flame. Modern pizza ovens may use more efficient and environmentally friendly heating methods such as electric heating, natural gas or air heating principles. Regardless of the type of pizza oven, the core goal of the pizza oven is to ensure that the pizza is heated evenly for optimal cooking results.
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