Due to the dense branches and thick foliage of fig trees, winter pruning differs from that of other fruit trees. The author has developed a principle for winter pruning: "Know the variety, manage young growth, adjust main branches, and balance fruit production." Here are the detailed guidelines:
1. **Understand the variety**: Some fig varieties produce large, early-maturing fruits on new shoots from the top buds. These should generally not be shortened, as they contribute significantly to yield. For other varieties, special care is not needed to preserve all shoots, as most of the branches, except for 1–2 at the base, rarely bear fruit.
Some varieties may develop multiple vigorous new shoots after extension. In such cases, select 1–2 well-placed, strong shoots and remove the rest. For weaker varieties, avoid removing too many shoots. Instead, perform a light cut to encourage new growth lower down, preventing the fruiting sites from moving too quickly up the tree.
2. **Prune for light and growth**: During the sap flow period, proper pruning helps increase the number of branches, expand the canopy, promote flowering, and achieve early fruiting. Pruning should be done with light cuts to stimulate growth without over-stimulating the tree.
3. **Adjust main branches**: Extend the main branches appropriately, while shortening side branches moderately. Weak branches should be lightly pruned to encourage stronger growth. If branches in the crown cross or grow parallel, they should be removed to improve air circulation and light penetration. Shoots growing from the base, near the roots, or around wounds can be trained as replacement branches if there are gaps or spaces, otherwise they should be removed promptly to maintain tree structure.
4. **Thin out weak and dense branches**: Remove overly dense or weak branches to prevent overcrowding, which can reduce fruit quality. Most one-year-old fig branches, except for long ones, become fruit-bearing. As the tree ages, fruiting shifts upward, causing the base to become bare. To counter this, thin out weak lateral and auxiliary branches at the base to stimulate latent buds to sprout new shoots. This helps fill the base and rejuvenate the tree. New shoots from latent buds can also bear fruit, though they may be of lower quality.
By following these principles, fig growers can maintain a healthy, productive tree with balanced growth and consistent fruiting.
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