The wheat mulching planter is an efficient dry farming machine designed to perform multiple tasks in a single operation, including ridge formation, side deep fertilization, ridge laying, film-side seeding, and soil coverage. It offers benefits such as heat retention, water conservation, fertilizer efficiency, and ultimately leads to higher yields and increased income. The following details are based on the film-side drill model for your reference.
(1) Operational Quality Requirements
The ridges should be straight, with a deviation of no more than 8 cm over a 50-meter stretch. The spacing between rows must be uniform, with a deviation of less than 1 cm within the broadcast range. The planting depth should be consistent, with a maximum deviation of 0.5 cm from the specified depth. The plastic film must be tightly covered, with a soil cover thickness of 3–5 cm. The rate of soil leakage under the film should not exceed 5%.
(2) Use and Adjustment
Seed volume adjustment: This can be done by changing the working length of the groove wheel and the gap between the seed tongue and the wheel. The recommended sowing rate for winter wheat is typically between 5 kg and 7 kg per mu. It’s important to note that the actual amount of seed used depends on the static test results and the slip correction factor. If this step is skipped, the sowing rate may decrease significantly.
Seeding depth adjustment: This is achieved by modifying the position of the floating bar and adjusting the length of the tractor drawbar. The ideal planting depth is 4.1 cm.
Fertilizer application adjustment: This is done by changing the working length of the fertilizer runner wheel and adjusting the gap between the brush and the wheel.
Fertilizer depth adjustment: By adjusting the position of the score line on the opener handle relative to the frame, the fertilizer depth can be set between 8 cm and 12 cm.
Ridging height adjustment: Rotate the handwheel to adjust the height of the ridging plate, which controls the depth of the furrow. Typically, the ridging height should be between 5–10 cm. At the same time, the angle of the ridging plate should be adjusted to control the amount of soil moved, ensuring proper ridge formation.
(3) Cover Disk Adjustment
Angle adjustment: When operating in second gear, the rear edge of the cover disk should be about 2.5 cm away from the side of the opener tube. At higher speeds, the spacing between the disks increases.
Height adjustment: The lower edge of the cover disk should be 1 cm above the seed opener.
Loosening shovel positioning: Loosen the fastening nut and move the loosening shovel downward according to the principle of pressing the soil with the tractor wheel. The tip of the loosening shovel should be less than 5 cm above the fertilizer opener.
Suspension adjustment: Ensure both tractors are positioned about 10 cm below the planter's hanging axis before attaching it.
(4) Precautions
Choose suitable plots and ensure fine soil preparation. After mechanical leveling, the field must meet the technical standards of being flat, uniform, loose, broken, netted, and solid. Operate at a steady speed in second gear—too high a speed can affect the quality of the coverage. Avoid lifting or reversing the machine, as this can damage internal components. Always stop the machine for troubleshooting and maintenance to ensure personal safety.
When adding fertilizer, use fixed points and calculate based on plot length, area, working width, and seed box capacity. Perform shift maintenance regularly. After each shift, clean the machine thoroughly, check all fastened parts, and apply lubricant. After every quarter of work, conduct a full cleaning and store the equipment in a dry, ventilated, and rainproof location to extend its lifespan.
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