Reporter: Does the frequent sluggish sales event mean that the peach industry is saturated?
Zhang Jinyun: It cannot be said that the survival of the fittest is the industry-level influence that supply-side reform may bring. As a popular fruit, it is not uncommon for peaches to be unmarketable. Now that the economic standard of living is good, the choice of consumers has also changed a lot. Fine, imported fruits have become the choice of more people, and the space for ordinary fruits is being squeezed. If you don’t think about it, adopting traditional methods of planting and operating and thinking will certainly be affected. In general, there are five reasons for sales to be hindered: First, blindly follow the trend to expand production, there is no technology, there is no serious investigation of the market, or the traditional concept wants to win by quantity; Second, the variety is relatively simple, the planting structure is unreasonable, Concentrated ripening period; Third, poor commercial quality (differences in maturity, different sizes, poor appearance, mild flavor, soft flesh); Fourth, cultivation technology measures are not matched, and new technologies are still not widely used; The level of production standardization is low.
Reporter: What are the reasons for attracting farmers to get together and planting peaches?
Zhang Jinyun: The rapid development of the peach industry can be seen from the changes in the peach planting area in our province in the past five years. According to statistics, in 2011, the cultivated area of ​​peaches in our province was 372,000 mu, which was 946,000 mu in October 2016. By June this year, it had exceeded 1 million mu, and the cultivated area has increased by 150% in just 5 years.
In the past, peaches mainly depended on labor. Now the renewal of planting patterns and the promotion of new varieties have enabled mechanization of orchard management, improved planting efficiency, and stimulated planting on a large scale. This is the main reason for the rapid development of the peach industry.
From the perspective of benefits, the quality of the peach products will be better and the mid-ripe peaches will be listed, so the price is relatively low. Facilities cultivation of peach mu average net income of 17,000 yuan, up to 46,000 yuan, open land peach acres average net income of 3,000 yuan, up to 15,000 yuan; the province's open field cultivation of old production areas is not as good as the new production areas. A small number of old varieties, backward cultivated models, and extensive management of Taoyuan have been eliminated, and peach fruits cannot be sold.
Reporter: How should early, middle and late ripe peaches be selected? What are the recommendations on the variety?
Zhang Jinyun: According to the situation in our province, ripe peaches mature from May to early June; ripe peaches mature from mid-June to July; late ripe peaches mature from August to late October. In the face of the market, no one can guarantee which breed must make money. Because everything is afraid of causing sluggish markets, there are also dangers of ups and downs of the year and prices. According to the current market conditions, the peaches in late June and early July are relatively saturated; in late July, mature peaches are vacant and can be planted properly; novices are not advised to grow late-maturing varieties, because late-maturing peaches have a long growing period, making it relatively difficult to control pests and diseases. Higher, so planting is relatively difficult.
Peach varieties, each period has 20-30 varieties suitable for planting in our province, farmers in the selection of varieties should be based on sales distance, consumer preferences, select sugar-acid ratio, soft hardness suitable varieties. It should be noted that the peach varieties are fast-renewal, and varieties more than 10 years old can be properly replaced. Of course, it is not ruled out that individual varieties (such as Annon, Shuimo, etc.) currently occupy a certain share in the market.
The recommended varieties of early ripe peach include Li Xiahong, Manyuanhong, Zhongyou 16/18/19, Jinrui, Huihuang 2/3, and Jinmimi No.1, etc. The recommended varieties of medium ripe peaches are Zhongwan 11/13, white. Fengmilu, Lakeview Honeydew, Zhongtao No. 10, Xiazhimeng, Zhongyouqi 7-6, Nanguohong, Huihuang No.1, Huangjinyu, Huangjinmi 3/4, etc.; late ripe peach is recommended by Xinchuanzhong Island, Hui Huang 5/6, Ying Hong and so on.
Reporter: What kinds of new technologies are worth promoting now?
Zhang Jinyun: At present, it is recommended to use peach trunk-type dense-planting and labor-saving and efficient cultivation mode for planting, with high light energy utilization rate, high yield of premature birth (average 800 kg per mu in the second year, 2000 kg in the third year), and excellent fruit quality and convenience. Mechanized operation reduces labor costs and labor intensity.
Peach trunk-shaped cultivation is different from the traditional "natural open-hearted" cultivation. The tree structure is characterized by 2.5 meters in height and 40 to 50 centimeters in height. It maintains an upright and strong center trunk and is directly planted in the center. It is 30-50. A temporary result branch, evenly distributed on the center stem, grows laterally and is within 50 cm in length. The tree-shaped crown is small and very suitable for high-density cultivation of peach trees. In production practice, it is recommended to use planting density of 1 meter x 3.5-4.5 meters. Specific technical issues can call 0551-62160136 consultation.
Reporter: Should Taoyuan weeds be cleared?
Zhang Jinyun: Traditional peaches are used to clearing and weeding. A large number of farmers mistakenly believe that grass will compete with peaches to compete for water. However, in fact, long-term clean farming, especially the abuse of herbicides, is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive. The soil physical and chemical properties and soil structure will be seriously damaged, and the content of organic matter and various mineral nutrients will be rapidly reduced, which will lead to impediments to the growth of peach roots and aggravate flow of peach trees, which will seriously affect root growth, yield and quality of fruit trees.
In fact, Taoyuan grass has a positive effect on increasing soil organic matter content, improving the microclimate environment of orchards, reducing the occurrence of fruit tree pests, and improving fruit quality. From time to time, grass root growth and soil microbiological activities can be used to reduce labor input for soil cultivation.
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