1. Cultivation Pond and Stocking Density
A square or rectangular cement pond with a volume ranging from 25m³ to 100m³ is recommended for oyster larvae cultivation. The pond should be equipped with an upper water inlet, an air inflation system, and valves for temperature control. A drain outlet must be installed inside the pool and connected to an external drainage system. Before use, the pond should be thoroughly disinfected using potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite and then exposed to sunlight for sterilization. The stocking density is typically set between 10,000 to 20,000 larvae per cubic meter, depending on the size of the newly hatched larvae.
2. Water Quality Management and Standard Parameters
Filtered seawater is used for rearing larvae, and UV disinfection can be applied during early stages under appropriate conditions. Water quality should be monitored twice daily throughout the cultivation period. Key parameters include water temperature (18–20°C), dissolved oxygen (≥4 mg/L), and total ammonia nitrogen (≤1.0 mg/L). Maintaining these levels ensures optimal growth and reduces the risk of disease.
3. Light Control and Algae Supplementation
An adjustable shade screen is placed above the tank to keep light intensity below 2000 lux. During the nursery phase, Chlorella is added to the water starting from the day rotifers are introduced. This helps maintain the vitality of rotifers, prevents starvation, and supports a stable feeding environment. The concentration of Chlorella in the water should be kept between 500,000 and 1,000,000 cells/ml.
4. Feeding Regime and Nutritional Enhancement
The larval diet includes rotifers, Artemia nauplii, fish and shrimp meat, and other suitable feeds. Rotifers are introduced when larvae are about 3 days old at a density of 3–5 mlâ»Â¹. As larvae grow, feeding frequency and quantity increase. Artemia nauplii are fed twice daily when larvae reach 6.5 mm, gradually increasing in amount as they grow. Fish and shrimp meat is introduced when larvae are 8–9 mm long, cut into small pieces and fed in small quantities multiple times a day. Vitamin supplements are essential during this stage to support development.
5. Nutritional Enrichment of Live Feed
To enhance the nutritional value of live feed like rotifers and Artemia, they are enriched with Chlorella and emulsified squid liver oil. Rotifers are cultured with 20 million cells/ml of Chlorella at a density of 300–1000 million/m³ for 12 hours. Artemia nauplii are also enriched with fish oil and, if possible, fat-soluble vitamins and lecithin to improve their nutritional profile. This enrichment is crucial for the survival and healthy development of larvae.
6. Aeration and Larval Opening
Adequate aeration is critical during the larval opening phase. Air stones are arranged at intervals of 1.5–2.0 m² during the nursery period. A slight water flow (50 ml/min) is maintained to prevent larvae from ingesting bubbles or debris, which can lead to bubble disease. The larvae should have sufficient energy to complete the opening process, which requires high-quality initial feed. Proper aeration, clean water, and strong larvae are key to improving the opening rate.
7. Additional Management Practices
Water exchange is gradually increased over time: initially 20%, then up to 50% at 10 days, 100% at 20 days, and 200% when feeding on fish and shrimp meat. Circulation systems are introduced when larvae reach 6.5 mm in length to promote growth. Bottom cleaning is performed every 2–3 days to remove waste and uneaten food. Weak individuals are isolated to prevent aggression and disease spread. Counting methods vary depending on larval size, and careful sampling is required to ensure accuracy. Finally, when larvae reach 25–30 mm in length after about 50 days, they are ready for transfer to larger tanks or ponds.
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