(1) Inspection of Technical Status
Before the planter is used in the field, it's essential to perform a thorough inspection of all components. Check for any signs of deformation or damage on parts such as the frame, opener arms, and transmission system. Ensure that all fasteners are tight and secure. Test the flexibility of the adjustment mechanisms, including the opener lifting system and the double disk opener. It's also important to verify that the entire system operates smoothly without any jamming or resistance.
(2) Adjustment of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate, and Marker
Row spacing should be set according to agricultural guidelines. The number of openers (n) that can be installed depends on the effective length of the mounting beam (L_effective) and the desired row spacing (b). The formula is:
n = L_effective / b + 1
If the calculated number of openers is odd, place the middle opener in the center of the frame. If even, arrange them symmetrically around the center.
The seeding rate can be adjusted by changing the working length of the seed metering wheel using the adjustment handle. A longer groove wheel immersion into the seed box increases the seeding rate, while a shorter one decreases it. To calculate the actual seeding rate (q), use the following formula:
q = (Seed box capacity × Ground wheel diameter × Number of rotations × Line spacing × (1 + Slip coefficient)) / 666.7
To test this, position the planter horizontally, ensure the ground wheel rotates freely, and set the opener to its correct depth. Fill the seed box with a known quantity of seeds, then rotate the ground wheel 20–30 times at a speed similar to field conditions. Collect the seeds in labeled bags, weigh each, and compare the results to the expected seeding rate. Adjust the handle if necessary.
For marker length, the distance from the farthest opener to the marking line (L) is calculated as:
L = (B + b) / 2
Where B is the broadcast width and b is the row spacing. If the tractor is front-wheel driven, adjust the left and right marker lengths accordingly:
L_left = (B + b)/2 + A/2
L_right = (B + b)/2 - A/2
Where A is the distance between the front wheels.
(3) Field Trial
Before starting full-scale planting, conduct a trial run in the field. Check and fine-tune the seeding rate, sowing depth (by adjusting the opener depth), soil coverage quality, and alignment of rows. Make sure there are no overlaps or missed areas.
Calculate the required seed quantity (Q) for a round trip:
Q = (Acres × Seed rate × Broadcast width × Sowing length) / 666.7
Fill the seed box, mark the level, and perform a test run. After completing the round trip, check if the seed level matches the mark. If not, adjust the handle and repeat until the desired rate is achieved.
(4) Quality Check of Seeding
Inspect each seed metering device using a template to ensure uniformity. Randomly select more than 10 points across the plot diagonally to measure the sowing depth. The deviation should not exceed ±1 cm.
To determine the number of seeds per meter (m):
m = (Seed rate × Row spacing × 10^6) / (666.7 × Seed weight in grams)
After completing the planting operation, check the total area sown, the actual seeding rate, and the density per mu. If any parameters are out of range, make adjustments accordingly.
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