(1) Inspection of Technical Status
Before the planter is used in the field, it's essential to inspect all its components. Check for any signs of deformation or damage, ensure that all fasteners are secure, and verify that the system’s operation—such as the transmission, cultivation, and adjustment mechanisms—is smooth and responsive. Also, inspect the double disk opener and the opener lifting mechanism to make sure they are in good condition and functioning properly.
(2) Adjustment of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate, and Marker
Row spacing should be set according to agricultural guidelines. The number of openers that can be installed depends on the effective length of the mounting beam (L effective) and the desired line spacing (b). The formula to calculate the number of openers (n) is:
n = L effective / b + 1
If the result is an odd number, install the opener in the center of the frame. If it's even, distribute them symmetrically around the center.
When the transmission speed ratio is fixed, the seeding rate can be adjusted by changing the working length of the seed metering wheel using the adjustment handle. A longer groove wheel immersion in the seed box increases the seeding volume, while a shorter one decreases it. To determine the actual seeding rate (q), use the following formula:
q = (Seed sowing volume × Ground wheel diameter × Number of ground wheel rotations × Line spacing × (1 + Slip coefficient)) / 666.7
To test this, place the planter on a level surface, allow the ground wheel to rotate freely, lower the opener, and set the adjustment handle to a suitable position. Add a known quantity of seeds, collect them under each opener, and measure the weight after rotating the wheel 20–30 times at a speed similar to field conditions. Compare the results with the calculated seeding rate, considering a slip coefficient between 0.05 and 0.1.
For marker length calculation, ensure proper alignment so that row spacing remains consistent and there are no overlaps or gaps. The marker length (L) is calculated as:
L = (B + b) / 2
If the tractor is front-wheel driven, adjust the left and right marker lengths accordingly:
L_left = (B + b)/2 + A/2
L_right = (B + b)/2 - A/2
Where B is the broadcast width, b is the line spacing, and A is the front wheel track width.
(3) Field Trial
Before starting formal planting, conduct a trial run in the field to check and fine-tune the seeding rate, depth, soil coverage quality, and row spacing. Adjust as needed until all parameters meet the required standards.
Calculate the total seed required for one round trip (Q):
Q = (Acreage × Seed rate × Broadcast width × Sowing length) / 666.7
Fill the seed box with the calculated amount, mark the level, and perform a test run. After completing a round trip, check if the seed level matches the mark. If not, adjust the handle and repeat the process until the seeding is accurate.
(4) Quality Inspection
Inspect each seed metering unit using a groove template to ensure consistency. Randomly select more than 10 points along the diagonal of the plot to check the sowing depth. The deviation should not exceed ±1 cm. Calculate the number of seeds per meter (m) using the formula:
m = (Seed rate × Line spacing × 10â¶) / (666.7 × Seed weight per thousand grains)
After completing the planting area, verify the total sown area, actual seeding rate, and plant density per mu. Make adjustments if the results do not meet the required standards.
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