In recent years, with the increasing use of wheat harvesting machinery, fields left after harvest are often covered with remnants such as wheat straw, stubble, and chaff. These residues create favorable conditions for various pests, increasing the risk of serious infestations. Pest damage not only leads to leaf loss but can also spread viruses, resulting in disease outbreaks and even plant death or poor stand establishment. Therefore, effective pest control is essential during the summer sowing of maize.
**Pest Control**
The main seedling pests affecting summer-sown maize include thrips, aphids, wheat midges, cutworms, planthoppers, spider mites, armyworms, corn borers, and cotton bollworms. For ground pests like wireworms, it's recommended to apply 1000 ml of irrigation agent or phoxim per acre during watering. For pests such as thrips, moths, wheat midges, corn borers, armyworms, and aphids, a spray solution of 20g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 30ml of bifenthrin in 30-40kg of water per acre can be used. For spider mites, when infestation reaches 5%, spraying with 15% abamectin emulsion diluted 1500-2000 times or 20% chlorfenapyr emulsion diluted 2000 times is effective.
**Disease Prevention**
The primary diseases affecting summer maize seedlings include bacterial wilt, rough dwarf disease, and maize dwarf mosaic virus.
**Bacterial Wilt**: This disease is common in continuous corn fields, especially under high humidity and after heavy rains. Early symptoms include gray-green leaves that gradually wilt and turn yellow. The roots and lower stems become water-soaked, then brown and rotten. To manage this, a mixture of Rhizoctonia and Tianfengsu should be sprayed at noon on sunny days, followed by another application every 3–5 days.
**Rough Dwarf Disease**: Caused mainly by the feeding of Laodelphax striatellus (white-backed planthopper), this disease appears as white waxy protrusions on the back of leaves during the 4–5 leaf stage. Leaves become stiff, thick, and dark green, with shortened internodes and clustered top leaves. Control measures include removing diseased plants and applying 50% carbendazim at 800 times dilution before and after emergence, for 1–2 sprays.
**Maize Dwarf Mosaic Disease**: Spread mainly through aphids or mechanical injuries, this disease shows green spots between veins at the base of the heart leaf, which later form dotted lines along the veins. The leaf veins lose color and turn yellow, while the sides remain green, creating a striped appearance. Control involves managing aphids, removing infected plants, and using a mixture of vegetation disease and foliar fertilizer. A solution of omethoate and dichlorvos in a 1:1:2000 ratio is also effective, especially during the 3-leaf and 5-leaf stages, as well as the 7th leaf stage.
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