Greenhouse micro-irrigation technology refers to the use of micro-irrigation equipment in the greenhouse to assemble a micro-irrigation system. It uses a certain amount of pressure water to moisten the local irrigation technology of the soil near the root of the crop with a small flow rate. The form of drip irrigation mainly includes drip irrigation, micro-spray irrigation, and infiltration irrigation.
Technical points:
1. Micro-irrigation requires high water quality and it is best to use well water or tap water for irrigation. Reservoirs and sedimentation tanks should be built for water sources that require water storage or large amounts of sand.
2. According to needs, fertilizer and chemical injection equipment, filtration equipment, pressure gauges, and flow meters can be added before the pump.
3. According to the greenhouse area, the pipelines of the trunk, branch and capillary tubes are laid. Install or connect an irrigation device to the capillary tube to reduce the pressure and turn the water flow into water droplets or trickle or sprinkle into the soil.
4. In the secondary water supply greenhouse, the reservoir should be built in the greenhouse so that the cold water in winter can be preheated.
Prevention and treatment of diarrhea in calves
1. Clinical symptoms
The most of the patients with mild syndrome were dyspepsia caused by improper feeding, and the whole body symptoms of the sick calves were not obvious. Depressed spirit, loss of appetite, decrease in urine volume, frequent discharge of pale yellow, grayish yellow, atherosclerotic or water sample stool, odor is not large or has acid odor. The abdomen and the upper calcaneal around the anus were contaminated by lean stool.
The most serious cases are inflammatory infection. Generally, it has severe systemic symptoms, such as large loss of appetite or rejection, mild abdominal pain, atherosclerotic or watery stool with odor or rotten odor, and even mixed with mucus, blood and intestinal mucosa.
2. Treatment
1. bacterial diarrhea. Broad spectrum antibiotics are selected as the first treatment drugs: Zeno, quinolones, gentamicin, sulfonamide drugs, etc., and vitamin B1, vitamin C, antipyretic analgesics (analgesics (analgesics, antacidine) and corticosteroids (dexamethasone) are used. According to the dehydration situation, electrolyte solutions can be supplemented for diarrhea dehydration: glucose, salt water, calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, etc, To correct hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis.
2. viral diarrhea. Generally, comprehensive treatment against secondary infection is adopted for antibiotic treatment. When the type of pathogenic microorganism cannot be determined, timely replenish the liquid and supplement sugar according to the condition, control the disease situation, adjust metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia to prevent dehydration and shock. Some antiviral drugs can be used.
3. dyspepsia diarrhea. The principle is to invigorate the stomach, to complete the intestines, to eliminate inflammation, to prevent secondary infection and dehydration. The enzyme production and yeast tablets can be used as auxiliary treatment.
3. Prevention
1. strengthen the feeding management and strengthen the feeding management of the cows in the late pregnancy. In the area with selenium deficiency, sodium selenite vitamin E was injected about 21 days before and after pregnancy.
2. strengthen the technical operation management of the delivery personnel, and strengthen the sanitation during the delivery, strengthen the regular disinfection of the feeding environment, tools and feeding environment, and take prevention as the main. The living environment of calves should be clean, dry and spacious, sunny, warm in winter and cool in summer
3. the calves after birth are fed to colostrum within 0.5 hours. The colostrum is required to be the high quality colostrum of 2-3 fetal cows. It can be stored in refrigerator, and heated to 35-38 ℃ when feeding, and the feeding amount is about 1.75kg, so that the calf can obtain maternal antibody as soon as possible.
4. adhere to the "four determinations". That is, fixed temperature, timing, quantitative, fixed breeder. The milk temperature is constant, and it can not be high or low; The feeding time is fixed, and it can not be early or late; The feeding quantity is fixed, and it can not be too much or less; We should choose experienced breeders to manage calves, fix staff, strong sense of responsibility, and can not be replaced at any time. It is necessary to do "four times" which means cleaning, grass pad, observation and disinfection.
5. feeding fermented colostrum, the fermentation time should be adjusted according to the change of seasonal temperature during the production of fermented colostrum. The time can be prolonged in winter and shortened in summer. The pH of fermented colostrum must be adjusted before feeding, and baking soda can be used.
6. ensure the quality of milk drinking, and prohibit feeding inferior dairy products and fermented and deteriorated corrupt milk.
7. for cattle farms with infectious history, specific vaccines can be used for preventive injection, and specific antibodies can be used for treatment. The large dairy farm can be used to prevent and control diseases regularly according to the needs.
8. keep warm in winter and prevent summer heat.
Bacterial diarrhea,Viral diarrhea,dyspepsia diarrhea
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