In recent years, planting sweet potatoes has become a good way for farmers to adjust their planting structure and increase their incomes. Nowadays, it is time for the sweet potato breeding season again. Here is a method that the farmers in the plains of our province often use as an open bed to cover plastic film seedlings. This method has the characteristics of low cost, easy management, and strong potato seedlings.
First, choose the site to build a bed to choose leeward sunny, fertile soil, high dry terrain, well-drained, close to the water, easy to manage the construction of the bed, containing salt and alkali and heavy sweet potato is not suitable for building a bed. Generally in the middle and late March, according to the quantity and management requirements of seed potatoes, the trend of the seedbed is digging along the east-west direction, the width is 2 meters, the length is 4-6 meters, the depth is 0.4-0.5 meters, and the seedbed is dug well. Afterwards, the bottom of the bed and the four sides of the wall should be leveled to facilitate seeding.
Second, the selection of potato loading bed Currently, the province to promote large-scale varieties of high-quality sweet potato Hebei 351, yam potato 98, yam potato 99, Beijing 553, Xi Nong 431, Xu potato 18 and other dual-use or special type, according to The market demand and processing goals, flexible selection of the road variety. Seedlings used for seedlings should pay attention to single receipt and storage, and generally can be calculated by planting an acre of 70 acres of field reserve seed potatoes. To select a potato block that has the characteristics of the original variety, the potato shape is correct, bright and smooth, and has not suffered from cold, freezing, smashing, injury and disease, the size of the single piece is preferably 150-250 g. In recent years, in the old sweetpotato planting areas, black spot, soft rot, dry rot, nematode disease, and seedlings are treated with medicaments before they are nursery, and they can receive good preventive effects. Use 50% of the Dyson ammonium to 300 to 400 times the water, soak the seeds for 10 minutes to treat the selected seed potatoes. After soaking, the potatoes should be immediately discharged into the bed. When the potatoes are drained, the head of the seed potato should be upward, and the principle of unevenness should be mastered. The oblique laying method should be adopted. The potato head should be pressed with 1/3 of the potato tails, and the seedlings should be raised more quickly. Square meters 25 kg of seed is appropriate.
After draining the seed potatoes, fill the cracks between the seed potatoes with sand, then use the well and warm water to soak the bed soil. After the underwater seepage, gently press the seed potatoes with a flat board, and then cover the sand with about 3 cm. Too thick, otherwise it is not conducive to the increase of soil temperature, but also easily lead to thin and weak potato seedlings, and easy to spread disease. After the seed potato goes to bed, it is immediately covered with a plastic film and straw to increase the temperature.
Thirdly, the management of seedbeds to strengthen the management of seedbeds is the key to more seedlings and the cultivation of strong seedlings. Before emergence, the purpose of high-temperature germination should be to do a good job of warming insulation, proper water, and strive to emerge early, more seedlings, not bad bed. Appropriate cooling after emergence, pay attention to watering ventilation, to prevent burning buds, so that it can grow steadily.
1. Temperature management. Before emergence, in order to achieve the requirements of high temperature germination and disease prevention, warming and heat preservation work must be done. Seeds within 3 days after going to bed, so that the temperature of the potato layer is maintained at about 35 °C, in order to facilitate the promotion of germination, wound healing, and can produce disease-resistant substances - sweet potato ketones, play a role in the inhibition of melasma. Under normal circumstances, on sunny days, the temperature of the film is increased and the grass is kept warm at 3 to 4 pm. Before emergence, the temperature of the bed should be maintained at 30 °C ~ 32 °C, after emergence, as the seedlings grow gradually reduced to about 25 °C. Before picking, low-temperature seedlings are required, and the bed temperature is reduced to 20°C to 22°C. After the picking, it should be warmed and kept warm for 1 to 2 days in order to facilitate the germination of new shoots and promote the long-term growth. Then carry out the low-temperature refining seedlings, usually five or six days picking time.
2. Moisture management. Seedling watering is one of the important measures to cultivate strong seedlings. The size and frequency of watering should be determined according to the dryness and humidity of the bed soil, the growth of the potato seedlings, and the bed temperature, and the water, temperature and gas should be coordinated. Promote the growth of potato seedlings. On the basis that the seed potato is poured on the bed, the seed potato is generally not watered before emergence to facilitate high temperature germination, disease prevention and emergence. If the seedbed is too dry, use a sprayer to spray water on the seedbed. After the emergence of seedlings, before the hardening of the seedlings and the second day after the picking, each pouring large water once, between the two big water, according to the growth of the potato seedlings and bed soil moisture, small water light pouring, even pouring. Watering time, in line with the principle of "early afternoon, late afternoon" principle. In early spring, the temperature is low, watering in the morning, raising the temperature at noon, and the temperature can be raised in the afternoon to prevent the bed temperature from being too low at night. The higher temperature in the later period is suitable for watering in the afternoon to prevent the nighttime temperature from being too high and the potato seedlings grow fast and tender.
3 hardening seedlings. Consolidation seedlings are important measures for cultivating strong seedlings. In order to make the potato seedlings grow robustly and increase the survival rate, the seedbeds must be ventilated and cooled prior to seedling extraction, and the measures for uncovering and drying the seedlings must be carried out. After the potato seedlings are in full bloom, they select sunny weather and begin to gradually ventilate to gradually lower the temperature of the bed so as to facilitate the stable growth of seedlings and prevent the emergence of thin high seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 12 to 15 centimeters, when the temperature is stable, ventilation can be done day and night. Two to three days before pickling can completely remove the grasshopper and the film, so that it stays up late to adjust the seedlings to adapt to the environment outside the field, after the planting seedlings quickly, the survival rate is high.
4. Top dressing. In order to increase the number of seedlings and meet the demand for nutrient of potato seedlings, topdressing is combined with watering after each picking. Fertilizers are mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea (avoided use of ammonium bicarbonate to prevent burnout of young pigs). Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have a better effect. Generally 10 square meters with urea 0.5 kg with 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the two kinds of fertilizer evenly spread on the seedbed, spread immediately after the fertilizer on the seedling leaves gently drop, then rinse with water.
Fourth, timely pick When the seedlings grow to 20 cm high, timely harvesting, picking too late, potato seedlings crowded, will damage the lower seedlings, affecting the number of seedling emergence. Low-temperature seedlings are required before picking. There are two methods of picking pods, namely cutting hoe and picking hoe. Generally, the method of cutting rake is often used. The advantage is that it is not easy to infect diseases and move seed potatoes, and the larvae of the larvae grow faster and produce more seedlings. Especially in places where sweet potato black spot occurs seriously, promote high-cutting seedlings and keep smashing more than 3 cm to prevent disease. Picking the best time to pick the early morning, cut the scorpions best planted the same day, in order to facilitate survival. If it can not be planted in time, it can be placed in a cool and ventilated place (not suitable for watering), so that it can be planted in the future. After the seedlings are cut, the film is warmed up during the day, covered with haystacks at night, and topdressed the next day with water.
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