The proper selection of feed plant cleaning equipment directly affects the clean-up effect of raw materials, the output and quality of finished products, the safety of processing equipment and personnel, and the environmental sanitation of the workshop. Therefore, the cleanup of raw materials is a very important section.
1, choose the problem that should pay attention to clean up the equipment Choose the appropriate clean up equipment should consider the following aspects:
(1) Determine the process flow of Clearance and Recycling Section according to the needs of feed cleaning.
(2) According to the material properties, select the appropriate equipment, determine the equipment model and parameters. The main considerations are the differences in particle size, powder content, particle size, bulkiness, and bulk density. Different types of cleaning sieves have different suitability for material handling. For example, the clean-up of granular materials should use the initial clean sieve, and the clean-up of powdery materials should use powder clean-up sieves.
(3) The output of cleaning equipment is generally 2-3 times of the production capacity of the finished products in the workshop.
(4) Consider the cleaning effect, operational reliability of the equipment, and the convenience of layout, installation, operation, and maintenance.
(5) Consider the manufacturing quality, price, parts supply and after-sales service of the equipment manufacturer.
2. Commonly used cleaning equipment The cleaning work of the feed mill mainly removes large impurities and iron impurities in the raw materials. Therefore, there are three commonly used cleaning equipment: sifter, cleaning sieve and magnetic separation equipment.
2.1 Grid Sieve Sieve is the simplest cleaning equipment. It is welded with only a few steel bars, but it can not be ignored. Its main function is to prevent large impurities such as mud blocks, stones and ropes from entering the blanking port. Prevent the blocking of conveying and processing equipment at the feeding port and afterwards. It also prevents feeders from falling into the material feed to protect personal safety. The sifter is the first cleaning device, and it should be set for almost every feeding port, such as the main shop floor, the feed inlet for the auxiliary feed, and the artificial addition port for additives next to the batch balance.
The gap of the sifter should be determined according to different feeding ports and different materials. For example, in the main feed workshop, the sifting gap of the feeding port of corn and powder auxiliary materials is about 30mm, and the corn feeding port in front of the vertical silo is Larger yields are required, and the gap between the screens can be larger. For the raw materials of cakes and pans, the gap between the screens should be about 40 mm due to poor spreadability.
The material for making the sifter can be made of 2-3 mm thick, 10-20 mm wide flat steel or 10 mm round steel, welded. The grid screen should be fixed at the feeding port and ensure that there is an inclination angle of about 8-10 so that the material in the bag can be poured out and the labor intensity of the feeding can be reduced.
In the process of using, the large impurities left on the screen surface should be removed manually in order to effectively play the role of the grating screen.
2.2 Cleaning Screens Cleaning screens are the main equipment for cleaning and miscellaneous products in feed mills. The commonly used cleaning screens in feed mills include primary cylinder cleaning screens, conical powder cleaning screens, and plane rotating vibration screens.
(1) Initial cleaning sieve
SCY-type cylinder primary cleaning screen is mainly used for cleaning large impurities in granular raw materials such as corn, wheat, etc., such as: corn cob, hemp rope, cloth pieces, stones, clods, rice straw and so on. The primary cleaning screen of the cylinder is not suitable for the powder, and the main reason is that the powder is less scattered than the pellets, and it is easy to accumulate and block on the chute of the feed, so that the production cannot be carried out smoothly.
The drum preliminary clean screen has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, large output, low power, convenient installation and maintenance, etc., and can also be suitable for the sieve box with suitable sieve holes according to the nature of the material. For the cleanup of granular materials, this model has been widely used in domestic feed mills.
(2) Cone powder cleaning screen
The SCQZ cone powder cleaning screen is mainly used for the cleaning of powdered raw materials in feed mills. It can effectively remove the impurities mixed in the powder, and can disperse the powder into agglomerates. The feeding of the cleaning screen is carried out with a spiral force feed, so that the powder can be smoothly fed into the horizontal screen cylinder to avoid clogging of the powder during the transportation. Because there are radial spokes (for connecting the plate and the shaft) in the device, impurities such as rope heads are easily wound on it and are not easily removed. But overall, this model has the advantages of compact structure, easy installation, high impurity removal efficiency, reliable work, stable operation, and convenient changeover. For the cleaning of powdered raw materials, this model has been widely used in feed mills.
(3) Plane Rotating Shaker
SFJH plane rotary vibrating screen can be used for the clean-up of granular raw materials, and can also be used for the cleaning of powdered raw materials. It can also be used for the classification of powder after crushing and the classification of pelleted feed after granulation. As a cleaning sieve, it can effectively remove large impurities in the raw material. The device changes the screen surface from above, saving the space for changing the screen, and the screen surface is fixed with a live buckle, and the replacement screen operation is very convenient.
As a cleaning sieve, compared with the former two devices, the plane-rotary vibrating screen has a stronger adaptability to the material and a higher impurity removal efficiency, but the discharge port is smaller and the miscellaneous is sometimes unsmooth. Compared with the first two types of cleaning screens, for the same amount of processing, the power consumption and the floor area of ​​the plane rotating vibrating screen are larger, the price is relatively higher, and noise and vibration are also easily generated. Domestic feed mills use it as a cleaning sieve.
4.2.3 Magnetic separation equipment Magnetic separation equipment can be divided into electromagnetic equipment and permanent magnet equipment according to the type of magnet. After the electromagnetic equipment is cut off, the iron caught in the power supply will fall into the material and it will be inconvenient to use. Therefore, feed mills now use permanent magnet magnetic separation equipment. The commonly used permanent magnet devices are as follows:
(1) Gate-type magnetic separation equipment Gate-type magnetic separation equipment, also known as helium-type magnetic separator, consists of several magnetic bars. The interior of the magnet bar is composed of several sections of magnets, and the exterior of the magnet bar has a non-magnetic bag. The magnetic separator is simple in structure, does not require power, and the space occupied by the installation is small. The magnetic bar can be manually taken out to remove the iron impurities individually. Compared with permanent magnet drums, permanent magnet drums, etc., the magnetic separation ability of this equipment is weaker, and it is often used as an auxiliary magnetic separator for hoppers, feeders, or feeders for pulverizers and pelletizers.
(2) Column-type magnetic separator The magnets used in the column-type magnetic separator are arranged in stripes and cross flow. In order not to make the material flow too fast, the inclination of the magnetic field must be appropriate. It is necessary to ensure that the material is unobstructed, and that it cannot make it leap. Generally, the inclination of the installed magnetic fence is slightly larger than the self-flow angle. In order to make the material evenly distributed in the width direction of the magnetic fence, there is a screed at the entrance of the magnetic fence so that the material spreads evenly to the entire width of the magnetic fence. In order to facilitate the cleaning of iron filings, an iron outlet pipe is provided on the underside of the magnetic fence. After the feeding is stopped, the cover plate on the iron chip outlet pipe can be opened, and the iron scraps sucked on the magnet can be manually removed to make Iron pipe discharge. A small amount of magnets are arranged on the upper side of the magnetic fence to increase the deironing effect. Column type magnetic separators have a small amount of processing, and are mostly used in small plants or feed units.
(3) Permanent magnetic cylinder Permanent magnet cylinder is the most commonly used magnetic separation equipment in feed mills. The equipment has strong magnetic field strength, which can reach 0.105T or more. The iron absorption area is longer and larger, and it has good iron absorption effect. It is often used as the main magnetic separation equipment. Permanent magnets are often installed in the following places in the feed process:
a. Located in the back road of the early Qing sieve. Into the permanent magnet material should first remove the impurities. If the material contains impurities, especially straw, rope, etc., it is easy to plug the material channel in the permanent magnet cylinder.
b. Located in front of crushers, granulators, and extruders. In the pulverizer and granulator, the feed inlet of the granulator is often provided with a gate type magnetic separator, but in order to strengthen the effect of magnetic separation, to ensure that there is no iron in the processing process into the processing equipment, a permanent magnet cylinder should be installed in the front of these devices.
The iron separated from the permanent magnet is sucked onto the magnet. When no material is fed, iron must be manually ironed. Usually at least one row of iron per shift is used in production. Therefore, the space where the permanent magnets are installed should allow the operator to easily reach the row of iron. In order to maintain a good iron removal effect, the permanent magnets should ensure that the material passing through is in a state where the material is evenly dispersed around the magnet and can freely fall to form a “material curtainâ€. So pay attention to the following points:
a. The installation direction of the permanent magnetic cylinder should be set upright, and there should be a vertical material pipe (about 0.5m long) before the entrance to make the material enter the permanent magnet cylinder vertically.
b. The material entering the permanent magnet should avoid high-speed impact in order to maintain a good iron removal effect. If the iron is dropped through a very high vertical tube and rushed into the permanent magnet at a high speed, it may not be able to suck.
c. Prevent the material in the permanent magnet cylinder from flowing in a plunger shape. For example, the flow state of the material between the bin to be granulated and the feeder of the granulator may be plunger flow. If permanent magnets are installed here, iron cannot be separated from the stacked layers.
The permanent magnet cylinder has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and no need of power, and is suitable for a feed plant with a low degree of automation.
(4) Permanent magnet drum Permanent magnet drum is also the main magnetic separation equipment commonly used in feed mills. The magnetic induction intensity of the drum surface is strong, and above 0.1T, the iron removal effect is similar to the permanent magnet drum. The position of the permanent magnet drum in the feed process is similar to that of the permanent magnet cylinder. The advantage of the permanent magnet roller is that it can automatically discharge the iron separated from the raw materials into the collection box, instead of being absorbed on the magnet all the time, and the iron removal effect will not be affected due to the accumulation of iron impurities accumulated on the magnet.
The device requires less power, typically 0.55-1.1kw. The current product output range (10-30t/h) is smaller than that of a permanent magnet and the price is 2-3 times that of a permanent magnet cylinder. The equipment used in feed mills is a little less extensive than permanent magnets.
The output of the magnetic separation equipment should be considered larger when it is selected so as to ensure the iron removal rate. The separated magnetic impurities should be periodically discharged during use.
1, choose the problem that should pay attention to clean up the equipment Choose the appropriate clean up equipment should consider the following aspects:
(1) Determine the process flow of Clearance and Recycling Section according to the needs of feed cleaning.
(2) According to the material properties, select the appropriate equipment, determine the equipment model and parameters. The main considerations are the differences in particle size, powder content, particle size, bulkiness, and bulk density. Different types of cleaning sieves have different suitability for material handling. For example, the clean-up of granular materials should use the initial clean sieve, and the clean-up of powdery materials should use powder clean-up sieves.
(3) The output of cleaning equipment is generally 2-3 times of the production capacity of the finished products in the workshop.
(4) Consider the cleaning effect, operational reliability of the equipment, and the convenience of layout, installation, operation, and maintenance.
(5) Consider the manufacturing quality, price, parts supply and after-sales service of the equipment manufacturer.
2. Commonly used cleaning equipment The cleaning work of the feed mill mainly removes large impurities and iron impurities in the raw materials. Therefore, there are three commonly used cleaning equipment: sifter, cleaning sieve and magnetic separation equipment.
2.1 Grid Sieve Sieve is the simplest cleaning equipment. It is welded with only a few steel bars, but it can not be ignored. Its main function is to prevent large impurities such as mud blocks, stones and ropes from entering the blanking port. Prevent the blocking of conveying and processing equipment at the feeding port and afterwards. It also prevents feeders from falling into the material feed to protect personal safety. The sifter is the first cleaning device, and it should be set for almost every feeding port, such as the main shop floor, the feed inlet for the auxiliary feed, and the artificial addition port for additives next to the batch balance.
The gap of the sifter should be determined according to different feeding ports and different materials. For example, in the main feed workshop, the sifting gap of the feeding port of corn and powder auxiliary materials is about 30mm, and the corn feeding port in front of the vertical silo is Larger yields are required, and the gap between the screens can be larger. For the raw materials of cakes and pans, the gap between the screens should be about 40 mm due to poor spreadability.
The material for making the sifter can be made of 2-3 mm thick, 10-20 mm wide flat steel or 10 mm round steel, welded. The grid screen should be fixed at the feeding port and ensure that there is an inclination angle of about 8-10 so that the material in the bag can be poured out and the labor intensity of the feeding can be reduced.
In the process of using, the large impurities left on the screen surface should be removed manually in order to effectively play the role of the grating screen.
2.2 Cleaning Screens Cleaning screens are the main equipment for cleaning and miscellaneous products in feed mills. The commonly used cleaning screens in feed mills include primary cylinder cleaning screens, conical powder cleaning screens, and plane rotating vibration screens.
(1) Initial cleaning sieve
SCY-type cylinder primary cleaning screen is mainly used for cleaning large impurities in granular raw materials such as corn, wheat, etc., such as: corn cob, hemp rope, cloth pieces, stones, clods, rice straw and so on. The primary cleaning screen of the cylinder is not suitable for the powder, and the main reason is that the powder is less scattered than the pellets, and it is easy to accumulate and block on the chute of the feed, so that the production cannot be carried out smoothly.
The drum preliminary clean screen has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, large output, low power, convenient installation and maintenance, etc., and can also be suitable for the sieve box with suitable sieve holes according to the nature of the material. For the cleanup of granular materials, this model has been widely used in domestic feed mills.
(2) Cone powder cleaning screen
The SCQZ cone powder cleaning screen is mainly used for the cleaning of powdered raw materials in feed mills. It can effectively remove the impurities mixed in the powder, and can disperse the powder into agglomerates. The feeding of the cleaning screen is carried out with a spiral force feed, so that the powder can be smoothly fed into the horizontal screen cylinder to avoid clogging of the powder during the transportation. Because there are radial spokes (for connecting the plate and the shaft) in the device, impurities such as rope heads are easily wound on it and are not easily removed. But overall, this model has the advantages of compact structure, easy installation, high impurity removal efficiency, reliable work, stable operation, and convenient changeover. For the cleaning of powdered raw materials, this model has been widely used in feed mills.
(3) Plane Rotating Shaker
SFJH plane rotary vibrating screen can be used for the clean-up of granular raw materials, and can also be used for the cleaning of powdered raw materials. It can also be used for the classification of powder after crushing and the classification of pelleted feed after granulation. As a cleaning sieve, it can effectively remove large impurities in the raw material. The device changes the screen surface from above, saving the space for changing the screen, and the screen surface is fixed with a live buckle, and the replacement screen operation is very convenient.
As a cleaning sieve, compared with the former two devices, the plane-rotary vibrating screen has a stronger adaptability to the material and a higher impurity removal efficiency, but the discharge port is smaller and the miscellaneous is sometimes unsmooth. Compared with the first two types of cleaning screens, for the same amount of processing, the power consumption and the floor area of ​​the plane rotating vibrating screen are larger, the price is relatively higher, and noise and vibration are also easily generated. Domestic feed mills use it as a cleaning sieve.
4.2.3 Magnetic separation equipment Magnetic separation equipment can be divided into electromagnetic equipment and permanent magnet equipment according to the type of magnet. After the electromagnetic equipment is cut off, the iron caught in the power supply will fall into the material and it will be inconvenient to use. Therefore, feed mills now use permanent magnet magnetic separation equipment. The commonly used permanent magnet devices are as follows:
(1) Gate-type magnetic separation equipment Gate-type magnetic separation equipment, also known as helium-type magnetic separator, consists of several magnetic bars. The interior of the magnet bar is composed of several sections of magnets, and the exterior of the magnet bar has a non-magnetic bag. The magnetic separator is simple in structure, does not require power, and the space occupied by the installation is small. The magnetic bar can be manually taken out to remove the iron impurities individually. Compared with permanent magnet drums, permanent magnet drums, etc., the magnetic separation ability of this equipment is weaker, and it is often used as an auxiliary magnetic separator for hoppers, feeders, or feeders for pulverizers and pelletizers.
(2) Column-type magnetic separator The magnets used in the column-type magnetic separator are arranged in stripes and cross flow. In order not to make the material flow too fast, the inclination of the magnetic field must be appropriate. It is necessary to ensure that the material is unobstructed, and that it cannot make it leap. Generally, the inclination of the installed magnetic fence is slightly larger than the self-flow angle. In order to make the material evenly distributed in the width direction of the magnetic fence, there is a screed at the entrance of the magnetic fence so that the material spreads evenly to the entire width of the magnetic fence. In order to facilitate the cleaning of iron filings, an iron outlet pipe is provided on the underside of the magnetic fence. After the feeding is stopped, the cover plate on the iron chip outlet pipe can be opened, and the iron scraps sucked on the magnet can be manually removed to make Iron pipe discharge. A small amount of magnets are arranged on the upper side of the magnetic fence to increase the deironing effect. Column type magnetic separators have a small amount of processing, and are mostly used in small plants or feed units.
(3) Permanent magnetic cylinder Permanent magnet cylinder is the most commonly used magnetic separation equipment in feed mills. The equipment has strong magnetic field strength, which can reach 0.105T or more. The iron absorption area is longer and larger, and it has good iron absorption effect. It is often used as the main magnetic separation equipment. Permanent magnets are often installed in the following places in the feed process:
a. Located in the back road of the early Qing sieve. Into the permanent magnet material should first remove the impurities. If the material contains impurities, especially straw, rope, etc., it is easy to plug the material channel in the permanent magnet cylinder.
b. Located in front of crushers, granulators, and extruders. In the pulverizer and granulator, the feed inlet of the granulator is often provided with a gate type magnetic separator, but in order to strengthen the effect of magnetic separation, to ensure that there is no iron in the processing process into the processing equipment, a permanent magnet cylinder should be installed in the front of these devices.
The iron separated from the permanent magnet is sucked onto the magnet. When no material is fed, iron must be manually ironed. Usually at least one row of iron per shift is used in production. Therefore, the space where the permanent magnets are installed should allow the operator to easily reach the row of iron. In order to maintain a good iron removal effect, the permanent magnets should ensure that the material passing through is in a state where the material is evenly dispersed around the magnet and can freely fall to form a “material curtainâ€. So pay attention to the following points:
a. The installation direction of the permanent magnetic cylinder should be set upright, and there should be a vertical material pipe (about 0.5m long) before the entrance to make the material enter the permanent magnet cylinder vertically.
b. The material entering the permanent magnet should avoid high-speed impact in order to maintain a good iron removal effect. If the iron is dropped through a very high vertical tube and rushed into the permanent magnet at a high speed, it may not be able to suck.
c. Prevent the material in the permanent magnet cylinder from flowing in a plunger shape. For example, the flow state of the material between the bin to be granulated and the feeder of the granulator may be plunger flow. If permanent magnets are installed here, iron cannot be separated from the stacked layers.
The permanent magnet cylinder has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and no need of power, and is suitable for a feed plant with a low degree of automation.
(4) Permanent magnet drum Permanent magnet drum is also the main magnetic separation equipment commonly used in feed mills. The magnetic induction intensity of the drum surface is strong, and above 0.1T, the iron removal effect is similar to the permanent magnet drum. The position of the permanent magnet drum in the feed process is similar to that of the permanent magnet cylinder. The advantage of the permanent magnet roller is that it can automatically discharge the iron separated from the raw materials into the collection box, instead of being absorbed on the magnet all the time, and the iron removal effect will not be affected due to the accumulation of iron impurities accumulated on the magnet.
The device requires less power, typically 0.55-1.1kw. The current product output range (10-30t/h) is smaller than that of a permanent magnet and the price is 2-3 times that of a permanent magnet cylinder. The equipment used in feed mills is a little less extensive than permanent magnets.
The output of the magnetic separation equipment should be considered larger when it is selected so as to ensure the iron removal rate. The separated magnetic impurities should be periodically discharged during use.
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