Compared with direct seeding, the rapeseed no-tillage sowing machine has basically the same output as the direct seeding, and the festival cost is more than 50 yuan, which greatly reduces the labor intensity, has better advancedness and applicability, and has wider promotion prospects.
First, the main advantages:
1, save time, effort, cost
Efforts have been made to eliminate the need for cumbersome cattle cultivation, soil preparation, digging, fertilization, sowing, and seed-covering. In addition, there are 1 farmer in Mu, 1 mu, or 2 laborers, which reduces the labor intensity and, more importantly, shortens the time. The sowing time saved 2/3 of the time compared to the previous ploughing and sowing, and it directly saved more than 50 yuan (cultivation and regrowth expenses).
2, easy to operate
The first is to select high-yield and high-quality rapeseed varieties, and use 0.15-0.2kg per acre, mix fine sand or fine soil evenly in Honda, and then spread the used fertilizer and mix well in the field (seed and fertilizer should not be mixed). Then use a small trencher to ditch and cover the soil. The cost of mu is 10 yuan, and more than 30 mu can be opened per day.
Second, the technical points
1, determine the appropriate open period
After the rice is harvested, the suitable time for the ditching is determined according to the humidity and the type of the soil. The soil texture is preferably sandy loam, and its suitable tillage period is long. However, from the perspective of safe and appropriate emergence, soil moisture should be 70%. If the soil is too viscous, the soil moisture should be reduced so as to prevent the turn-up of large mud blocks from being extremely detrimental to emergence. The ratio of furrows and rafts is 1:7.5, that is, the width of the ditches is 0.2m. The width is 1.5m. If the surface is too wide, it is not enough to cover the soil, and it is easy to be stained with water. It is unfavorable to the management of the later period, the surface of the plant is too narrow, and the soil is too thick, which is not conducive to emergence. At the same time, it is necessary to open a ditch and a gutter so that the gutters can communicate with each other, and drainage and irrigation are convenient.
2, timely sowing, fertilization
After several years of trial and demonstration planting, hybrid rapeseed Youyan No.7, Youyan No. 8 and other varieties have relatively stable performance, and it is advisable to broadcast them from September 25 to October 5, and no later than 10th. After sowing, timely fertilization should be based on basal fertilizer, and pay attention to organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in conjunction with the application of its total amount of 60%. According to the growth of seedlings and wax fertilizer, it should be based on the principle of being strong and steady. It should strive not to grow madly and freeze, and to combine sufficient boron fertilizer to prevent flowers from becoming real.
3, timely ditching and weeding
After planting and fertilizing, timely cover the soil according to the proportion of gully and gully, cover the soil and then perform pre-emergence weed control. Apply 50% acetochlor EC 200ml per acre to spray water on the topsoil of the soil, requiring sufficient water and spray. Leave no space. When the rapeseed grows to more than six leaves, weed herbicides are selected for treatment according to the type of weeds in the field. For example, GaiSuoGeng, JingLouKeKe or GaoGaoTeKe.
4, the good clearance
Hybrid oilseed has hybrid heterosis and has performance at the seedling stage. Small seedlings, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings should be removed from the seedlings, and strong seedlings with strong growth potential should be kept and left with about 10,000 strains per acre to ensure field purity and density. .
5, pay attention to roots, earth
Mainly straw cover technology, that is, 150-250kg of straw per acre evenly covered rape seedlings before the arrival of the cold current, which is good for weeding, heat preservation, moisturizing, cold and frost resistance, and can also cultivate soil. Improve soil structure.
6, Shi Hao Lei moss
The application of budded fertilization should be based on the condition of the seedlings as soon as possible. The growing trend can be less or late. The growth potential can be applied earlier and more frequently. The local general is carried out before and after the beginning of spring, and 10-15 kg urea per acre is appropriate.
7. Strengthen pest control
At the seedling stage, it mainly controls cabbage caterpillars, flea beetles and aphids, and can choose 20% azodithione and quail net to prevent and control. After spring, it is mainly controlled by sclerotinia, downy mildew and aphid. The severity of the disease is influenced by the weather and the microclimate in the field. It is appropriate to prevent and treat around April 20 of each year, with heavy prevention and control. The interval is 5-7. day. If the late drought locust can be reused to prevent and control the net, at the same time do a clean trench drainage field management.
8, timely harvest
Rapeseed has the characteristics of ripening, 80% of yellow and 10% of harvest, timely harvest, and its straw back in the ditch, post-cultivation no-tillage rice dumplings, the implementation of rice-oil double no-tillage, further cost-effective, light, and increase efficiency.
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