Zinnia, also known as Zinnia, Steptogo, Backgammon, Fireball, and Chroma, is an upright annual herb that typically grows between 40 to 120 cm tall. It features hairy stems and lateral branches that are often scale-like. The leaves are opposite, sessile, and ovoid in shape. This plant blooms during the summer and autumn months, producing single flower heads with a diameter of approximately 10 cm. The flowers consist of tubular yellowish-brown or purple centers, with ray-shaped flowers available in a wide range of colors, including blue. Each achene weighs between 2.8 to 11 grams. Zinnias are commonly planted in flower beds, flower mirrors, and as potted plants for dwarf varieties. They are also highly valued as cut flowers due to their vibrant colors and long-lasting blooms.
Zinnia petals come in a wide array of colors and have a long flowering period, with most varieties being double-flowered. Native to Mexico, these plants thrive in open grasslands and exhibit strong drought tolerance, preferring full sun and well-drained soil. However, they do not perform well in hot, humid conditions or areas with poor drainage and excessive rainfall.
Sowing is typically done in March or April, and when the plants have 4 to 5 leaves, they are transplanted with a spacing of 10 cm. A second planting can occur at the beginning of June, with a wider spacing of 30 x 30 cm. During the growing season, applying diluted human urine every 10 days helps promote healthy growth. Zinnias generally bloom from July until the first frost. In summer, lateral branch cuttings can be used for propagation, but extra care is needed due to high temperatures and frequent rain, so shade protection is essential.
Zinnia seedlings are relatively easy to grow, but they can become leggy if not properly managed. To prevent this, it's important to lower the temperature, improve air circulation, and ensure sufficient space between plants. Pinching the top of the plant when it reaches about 10 cm in height, leaving 2 to 4 pairs of true leaves, encourages bushier growth. For shorter plants, a dwarfing agent can be sprayed when shoots reach around 3 cm. While zinnias don’t grow too tall in dense conditions, if you want to limit their height, careful attention is required. About 5 to 7 days before planting, seedlings should be acclimated to outdoor conditions by gradually exposing them to the open environment.
Zinnias are short-day plants, meaning their flowering is influenced by day length. If exposed to more than 14 hours of sunlight, flowering is delayed, and the plant produces more ray flowers. Sowing to flowering takes about 70 days in such conditions. Conversely, if daylight is less than 12 hours, flowering occurs earlier, taking only 60 days, with more tubular flowers. Flowering time can also be controlled by adjusting the sowing date and harvesting schedule.
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