In recent years, Yandu District in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, has introduced an innovative approach to white shrimp farming through the Fisheries Science and Technology Demonstration Project, achieving significant economic and social benefits. This model consistently produces around 350 kg of shrimp per acre, with a net profit of up to 5,000 yuan. Notably, no chemical drugs are used during the breeding process, and the resulting shrimp meet the "pollution-free aquatic product" standard. Here's a detailed overview of this successful system:
**I. Pond Conditions and Preparation**
1. **Shrimp Pond Construction**: Low-lying farmland is transformed into high-foot ponds, typically covering more than 10 acres but not exceeding 50 acres. The surrounding area is reinforced with concrete walls, 5 meters wide, 1 meter thick, and 1.2 meters deep. Water is pumped from nearby rivers, reaching a maximum depth of 1.6 meters. The water quality meets the NY5051-2001 standards.
2. **Supporting Facilities**: Each pond is equipped with 1–2 submersible pumps, a cement boat, and an aerator for every 5 mu (about 0.33 hectares) of water. A temporary culvert is built in the ring ditch, along with a large shed and small holding pools lined with plastic film for rotating shrimp seedlings.
3. **Disinfection**: After harvest, the pond is drained, silt is removed, and the area is sun-dried. In early April, 100 kg of quicklime per mu is spread, followed by 50 kg of tea seed cake soaked in water. After 2–3 days, the disinfectant is drained, and the pond is exposed to sunlight for 3–5 days.
4. **Seedling Preparation**: Three to five days before stocking, a greenhouse tank is filled with 60 cm of water, with 2 kg of coarse salt per cubic meter. Trace elements and bio-fertilizers like “High-efficiency Live Bacteria Fertilizer†are added to cultivate zooplankton such as rotifers for young shrimp.
**II. Seed Stocking**
1. **Selecting Shrimps**: Healthy, quarantined seedlings of 0.8–1.2 cm in length are chosen. They should have clean bodies, no attachments, and show good responsiveness. The nursery water should be golden yellow, with pH between 7.8 and 8.4, and a temperature difference less than 3°C from the pond.
2. **Stocking Schedule**: Four batches are released in mid-April, mid-May, early June, and mid-June, with 25,000 seedlings per acre. The first batch is raised in greenhouses for 20 days, then moved to ponds. Subsequent batches are raised in holding ponds for 12–15 days before being introduced to the main pond.
3. **Adding Crabs and Fish**: Around mid-May, 100g of squid and 40g of bigeye larvae are stocked per acre.
**III. Daily Feeding and Management**
1. **Feeding and Water Management**: Feed is given 4–6 times daily, starting with shrimp slices, then transitioning to commercial feeds. Water is changed daily by 1/5, and oxygen levels are maintained regularly. Allicin and vitamin C are added to feed to boost disease resistance.
2. **Water Quality Adjustment**: Bioagents are used initially, then every 3–5 days. One species is used at 50%, with others mixed in. After 40–50 days, bottom reform agents are applied to maintain water quality.
3. **Feed Management**: High-quality feed is used, accounting for 2.5%–4% of shrimp body weight. Feeding occurs four times a day, with bait stations observed for efficiency.
4. **Aerator Use**: From 30–40 days post-stocking, aerators are used for 2–3 hours daily. After 50 days, usage increases, especially during adverse conditions like low oxygen or heavy rain.
**IV. Shrimp Harvesting and Sales**
From late June, shrimps are sold daily, with catches ranging from 30–80 kg per day. Early on, 9# nets are used to catch 140 shrimps/kg, while 10# nets are used later, catching 80 shrimps/kg. By the Chongyang Festival, crabs are manually caught from the shore, and by November, all fish, crabs, and shrimp are harvested.
**V. Benefit Analysis**
A household with 12 acres achieved the following in 2008:
- Total shrimp output: 4,600 kg; Muping: 383 kg; sales revenue: 128,800 yuan.
- Crabs: 215 kg, income: 350,000 yuan; Squid: 430,000 yuan.
- Total income: 1,365,000 yuan.
- Total input: 751,200 yuan, with a net profit of 613,800 yuan.
- Input-output ratio: 1:1.82.
**VI. Summary and Discussion**
This model improves traditional practices by releasing seedlings in multiple batches, reducing biological load and preventing diseases. Regular water quality management and natural methods ensure safe, high-quality shrimp. Continuous harvesting avoids market peaks, improving profit margins and capital turnover.
Additionally, crabs are raised alongside shrimp to control disease and monitor water quality. Shrimp are stocked in four batches, with careful temperature control during the holding period. Moss growth is prevented by maintaining proper water fat and stocking carp.
This innovative approach has proven effective, offering a sustainable and profitable alternative to conventional shrimp farming.
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